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Work on secular oscillations of the ocean-atmosphere system has reached a particularly interesting stage, characterized by competing models that alternately invoke endogenic and celestial drivers. The most widely accepted concept is the icehouse-greenhouse cycle with an approximate length of 300 Ma. The concept holds that in the past 600 Ma the Earth has oscillated between a glacial mode and one of...
Scleractinian corals are increasingly used as recorders of modern and paleoclimates. The microstructure of four common reef-building coral genera is documented here: Acropora, Pocillopora, Goniastrea, and Porites. This study highlights the complexity and spatial variability of skeletal growth in different coral genera and suggests that a single growth model is too generalized to allow the accurate...
A 2-m-long, shallow-water sediment core, representing the last 2,500 years, collected from the tropical Arabian Sea from the inner shelf (22 m water depth) off Karwar, near the mouth of the Kali River, has been studied for sedimentological proxies (granulometry) and foraminiferal tracers of paleomonsoons. The results suggest a considerable decrease in the intensity of monsoons approximately around...
Round karren represent a typical karst landform in humid regions. Since they only form beneath organic-rich soil and become rapidly destroyed after exhumation, their preservation potential in the geological record is, however, low. Herein, we describe pristine fossil round karren from a late Messinian karrenfeld that is incised into a fault scarp at the northwestern margin of the Polis Graben in NW...
Stable isotope analyses of 61 diagenetically unaltered belemnite rostra from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Kachchh Basin of western India suggest stable paleotemperatures across the Callovian-Oxfordian boundary (~14°C). Only at the end of the Middle Oxfordian water temperatures drop for more than 3°C before reaching again higher values during the Kimmeridgian (~12.3°C). The data do not support...
The Carnian Pluvial Event was followed by extreme aridity around the Mediterranean region, but the relationship between these climatic modes and the evaporite deposits of the north Arabian margin has not been established. The Mohilla Formation in Israel was deposited on the rifted Levant margin of the Neotethyan seaway during the Carnian (Late Triassic). The lowermost member, M1 (carbonate, shale,...
The Lower Jurassic (upper Sinemurian) of the Hronicum domain (Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians, Poland) represents typical tropical shallow-water carbonates of the Bahamian-type. Eight microfacies recognized include oolitic-peloidal grainstone/packstone, peloidal-bioclastic grainstone, peloidal-lithoclastic-bioclastic-cortoidal grainstone/packstone, peloidal-bioclastic packstone/grainstone, peloidal-bioclastic...
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