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Rich and diverse trocholinid assemblages have been recorded from the lower to middle Cenomanian Altamira and Bielba formations of the Bascocantabrian Basin, northern Spain. They occur in bioclastic for-algal grainstones and near-reefal rudstones referred to platform margin environments. This material, partially impregnated by iron-rich solutions, is unusually well-preserved and offers the unique opportunity...
Detailed studies of cave sediments in the Divje babe I cave, in western Slovenia, have revealed both fossil hairs and the imprints of such hairs present within phosphate aggregates in the clastic sediments. These aggregates consist of fine rock and bone fragments, as well as hairs cemented by phosphate precipitated from pore water. The hairs and their imprints were discovered by means of scanning...
The occurrence of lunulite bryozoan assemblages in the Early Pleistocene of western Umbria, central Italy, is documented for the first time. Six species within the genera Reussirella, Cupuladria, and Discoporella were recovered. Study sections encompass a wide range of marine coastal deposits varying from beachface to offshore, which developed in the area during the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian to...
The Emsian–Eifelian succession of NW Spain contains an abundant and diverse bryozoan fauna, fenestrates being the most outstanding group. The Fenestellidae of the Moniello Formation (upper Emsian–lower Eifelian, Asturias, NW Spain) comprise 13 species, four of which are new: Rectifenestella covae n. sp., Cavernella asturica n. sp., Hemitrypa adversa n. sp., and Hemitrypa terentei n. sp. The other...
The carbonate production event in the Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep is known as a deposition of a carbonate–siliciclastic complex in the marginal part of the basin, correlating with the time period from the last occurrence of Helicosphaera waltrans (14.36 Ma) to the last occurrence of Sphenolithus heteromorphus (13.34 Ma). Sedimentological and microfacial data, analysis of foraminifera,...
The Kirchbach Limestone occurs in the middle part of the early Viséan to Bashkirian Hochwipfel Formation, which was deposited in a flysch basin that formed during an extensional rifting phase in the foreland of the Noric Terrane, was filled with deep-marine synorogenic sediments and closed during the Bashkirian. The Noric Terrane split off from Gondwana and drifted towards the north, closing the flysch...
The Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group in the Tarim Basin, NW China, is overwhelmingly composed of cyclic dolomites. Based on extensive field investigations and facies analysis from four outcrop sections in the Bachu-Keping area, northwestern Tarim Basin, four main types of facies are recognized: open-marine subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal facies, and these are further...
In the easternmost part of the main Izeh Zone of the Zagros Mountains, Iran, the Asmari carbonate platform system of Oligo–Miocene age is superbly exposed in three-dimensional outcrops displaying a variety of carbonate facies associated with well-preserved depositional geometries. The main biogenic components of the Asmari Formation are large benthic foraminifera, corals, coralline algae, and planktonic...
High-nutrient tropical carbonate systems are known to produce sediments that, in terms of skeletal composition, are reminiscent of their extra-tropical counterparts. Such carbonate systems and associated carbonate grain assemblages in the tropics are rare in the present-day world. Nonetheless, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of those ecosystems, including their drivers and players because...
Two saline (halite and gypsum) pans have recently developed overlying lagoonal and sabkha sediments in the Şarūm area, south Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, as a result of the construction of an asphaltic road 30 years ago. Structural and textural characteristics of the halite layers reflect their formation during flooding, evaporative concentration, and desiccation stages of the ephemeral halite pan. The flooding...
Constructing a time-frame of the past is fundamental for any geological interpretation, and the recognition of orbital cycles preserved in the stratigraphic record has revolutionized our understanding of the global timescale, especially for the Cenozoic. In the past decades, astrochronological and cyclostratigraphic approaches based on Milankovitch cycles have become a widely used tool for precisely...
Tidal flats are abundantly developed throughout the Phanerozoic but actualistic studies on subtropical‒tropical tidal flats are rare. This study of a tidal flat and shallow subtidal of a lagoon protected behind a fringing reef at the northern Red Sea is therefore aimed to contribute to the understanding of the distribution and abundance of paleontologically relevant fauna and its lebensspuren...
Reef-building and dwelling scleractinian corals attained worldwide distribution in the Late Triassic and are best known from the former Tethys but some taxa also occur in the collage of displaced terranes now comprising the circum-Pacific rim. Among these are Upper Triassic corals from Japan, which have received little systematic study during the past 40 years but hold keys for resolving crucial...
Karst caves are important tourism and natural heritage destinations. Within dry cave passages otherwise notable for their rich flowstone decoration, areas with a characteristic black color can sometimes be observed on cave walls and floors and on speleothems. To determine the origin of these black deposits, mineralogical and chemical analyses were carried out in two caves (Postojna Cave and Črna Jama...
Understanding the origin of sediments and the direction of sediment transport is a prerequisite for accurate reconstruction of reef island evolution. In tropical settings, island development depends on the accumulation of sediments on the reef flat, which are produced by calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera, and green macro-algae of the genus Halimeda . In certain areas...
A period of reduced reefal abundance and size occurred around the time of the Silurian–Devonian boundary, between the middle Silurian and Middle Devonian reef building peaks. In southeastern Laurentia, stromatoporoid and coral reefs became especially rare during this time, and very few buildups have been reported from the region. This paper reports on the sedimentological, faunal, and paleoenvironmental...
In the Late Triassic, a 2–3-km-thick platform carbonate succession formed along the passive margin of the Tethys Ocean. Certain parts of the succession were affected by pervasive dolomitization whereas other parts are only partially dolomitized or non-dolomitized. In the Transdanubian Range, Hungary, the Upper Triassic platform carbonates are extensively distributed and numerous data are available...
The microfacies and biostratigraphy of radiolarite and limestone components in mass-flow deposits from the upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic Hallstatt Mélange were analyzed. The radiolarite components are of Late Anisian to early Late Ladinian age, the various colored limestone components are Late Triassic Hallstatt pelagics. All components are interpreted as derived from the continental slope...
The lithofacies, microfacies, depositional sequences, and benthic Foraminifera of the uppermost Albian–lower Cenomanian Bielba Formation in its type-area in northern Cantabria, Spain, consisting of a lower siliciclastic member and an upper Cóbreces Member, have been investigated. The investigated section constitutes a hypostratotype for the Bielba Formation, and the lower siliciclastic member is here...
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