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Seeds of Bixa orellana (L.) have a sclerified palisade cell layer, which constitutes a natural barrier to water uptake. In fact, newly fully developed B. orellana seeds are highly impermeable to water and thereby dormant. The purpose of this work is to investigate, from a developmental point of view, the histochemical and physical changes in the cell walls of the seed coat that are associated with...
Pedunculate (Quercus robur L.) and sessile (Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) oaks are the most common oak species in Western Europe. They are known to display different ecological requirements, particularly relative to root hypoxia induced by flooding: In a glasshouse study of seedlings, we quantified the effects of flooding on starch mobilization from cotyledons and starch partitioning. Growth and distribution...
There are only limited possibilities to study the competition between trees and lianas in the top canopy of tropical rain forests. Furthermore, the important question how the leaf traits are related to twig support is rarely studied, especially regarding growing space partitioning between the self-supporting and the climbing growth form. Our study used the hot-air balloon within the “Operation Canopee”...
The aim of our study was to assess the intraspecific variation of a range of leaf attributes and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), in Quercus suber, along an 800 mm rainfall gradient in Portugal. We measured specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT) and density, and used leaf carbon isotope content as an integrated record of water use efficiency. The values of SLA of Q. suber were strongly, positively...
Heartwood and sapwood development was studied in 18-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees from pulpwood plantations with different spacings (3 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 3, 4 × 4 and 4 × 5 m), on cross-sectional discs taken at breast height. The trees possessed a large proportion of heartwood, on average 60% of the wood cross-sectional surface. Spacing was a statistically significant source of variation of heartwood...
We compared soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (GT), hydraulic conductivity and water-relations characteristics of leaves between reiterated axes (produced by sprouting of suppressed buds) and sequential axes (produced by elongation of terminal buds) on the same branch to investigate how basal reiteration affected the hydraulic architecture of mature Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb. trees. Given similar...
A detailed biometrical study of the exotic understorey invader Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) was carried out in a mixed coniferous forest stand in northern Belgium. Based on detailed destructive measurements of eight selected model trees, allometric relations of tree height, crown projected area, woody and leaf dry mass and leaf area on tree diameter at breast height (DBH) were derived. The scaling-up procedure...
Quercus garryana habitats are increasingly being managed with prescribed fire, but acorn dependent wildlife might be adversely affected if fires damage acorn crops. We examined one way that fire might affect subsequent acorn crops: through direct heating and damage of buds containing the following year’s floral organs. We measured internal bud temperatures during controlled time and temperature treatments,...
Irrigation and fertilisation were recently considered as useful tools to control tree shape, and reduce pruning costs. The role of the N reserves, which determined spring growth, was considered to be essential. We intended therefore to evaluate its effects on peach tree architecture. Four levels of N fertilisation were applied on 1-year-old trees, from the end of shoot growth to leaf fall. In subsequent...
Here, we provide the first report on flavonoid content in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) leaves, analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS. Flavanols and flavonols were the predominant groups, although proanthocyanidins and many soluble tannins had a relevant presence in all leaf samples. Seasonal variation of flavonoids was determined in extracts from Q. ilex leaves during resprouting after a forest fire in two Mediterranean...
Padar (Stereospermum personatum, family Bignoniaceae) is a well-known medicinal tree. Its complete regeneration occurred through shoot bud culture in vitro. The seeds germinated sequentially on plastic trays and polyethylene bags for 21 days served as explants source. Nodal segments from the seedlings were established on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, in which 86.6% nodes showed shoot bud...
Two-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Coratina) were subjected to a 15-day period of water deficit, followed by 12 days of rewatering. Water deficit caused decreases in predawn leaf water potential (Ψw), relative water content and osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) of leaves and roots, which were normally restored upon the subsequent rewatering. Extracts of leaves and roots of well-watered...
Eugenia grandis (Wight) is grown in urban environments throughout Malaysia and root systems are often damaged through trenching for the laying down of roads and utilities. We investigated the effect of root cutting through trenching on the biomechanics of mature E. grandis. The force necessary to winch trees 0.2 m from the vertical was measured. Trenches were then dug at different distances (1.5,...
The aim of this study was to assess the temperature response of photosynthesis in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) to provide data for process-based growth modeling, and to test whether photosynthetic capacity and temperature response of photosynthesis acclimates to changes in ambient temperature. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) was measured in rubber saplings grown in a nursery or in growth...
Buttressing is a trait special to tropical trees but explanations for its occurrence remain inconclusive. The two main hypotheses are that they provide structural support and/or promote nutrient acquisition. Studies of the first are common but the second has received much less attention. Architectural measurements were made on adult and juvenile trees of the ectomycorrhizal species Microberlinia bisulcata...
The effect of iron solid particulate matter (SPMFe) deposited onto soil and leaves on photosynthesis and oxidative stress was evaluated in Clusia hilariana, a CAM tropical tree of high occurrence in Brazilian restingas. Significant increases in iron content were found in plants exposed to SPMFe applied onto leaf and soil surfaces. However, only the application of SPMFe on leaves of C. hilariana caused...
This study estimated the construction const (CC) and maintenance cost (MC) of leaf tissue on the basis of dry mass (CCMass, MCMass) and leaf area (CCArea, MCArea), as well as the maximum leaf gas exchange capacity, so as to examine leaf cost:benefit relationship in six dominant species of the ‘Bana’ vegetation. Minimum and maximum CCMass averaged 1.71 ± 0.03 and 1.78 ± 0.03 g glucose g−1. The CCMass...
The acquisition of desiccation tolerance (DT) in developing beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds and the role of a dehydrin protein in this process were investigated. DT was determined by measurement of electrolyte leakage and germination capacity after drying to 10–12% moisture content (MC). In addition to mass maturity, the presence of heat-stable proteins, dehydrin accumulation and the peak of ABA...
Changes in the content of Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, P, K, and N in six age classes of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) needles were described as a function of the needles’ age. The raw measurements of each element’s concentration were standardized at the level of an individual tree; such a procedure reduced the variability caused by differences in the absolute content of an element between individual...
In NW Patagonia, South America, natural shrublands and mixed forests of short Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forst.) Oerst. trees are currently being replaced by plantations with Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco. This land use change is controversial because the region is prone to drought, and replacement of native vegetation by planted forests may increase vegetation water use. The goal of this study...
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