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Key messageUlmus minorandU. glabrashow a trade-off between safety and efficiency in water transport, andU. laevisshows adaptations to waterlogged environments. Abstract Three native elm species grow in Europe: Ulmus minor Mill., U. glabra Huds. and U. laevis Pall., and within the Iberian Peninsula their habitats mainly differ in water availability. We evaluated firstly whether vulnerability...
The aim of this study is the optimization of stem shaking conditions in the mechanical harvesting of olive fruits. In order to study the influence of different shakers on the dynamic response of “Chemlali”, the main olive variety in Tunisia, a finite element numerical modeling was undertaken. The olive tree is modeled by three-dimension beams. Each beam has two nodes and 6 freedom degrees for each...
Butia capitata is a palm tree endemic to the Cerrado biome of Brazil and has significant potential for ornamental and food uses. In this work, we characterized the structures of the seeds and seedlings of this species to identify anatomical aspects related to its pronounced dormancy and determine the processes involved in reserve mobilization. Intact seeds, and seeds from which the operculum had...
The Dof proteins are members of a major family of plant transcription factors that contain a single C2/C2 class of zinc-finger DNA-binding domain. The size of gene families and the role of transcription factors in trees have only been partially addressed. We studied the size and structure of the Dof gene family in loblolly and maritime pines. The presence of the conserved Dof domain was a typical...
Key messageAnatomical characteristics and hydrologic signals in tree-rings of oaks from areas with regular flooding may vary, even within the same forest stand, and largely depend on the micro-environmental conditions. Abstract Q. robur decline in European floodplain forests in recent years seems to be strongly associated with the deteriorating hydrological regime. We investigated the influence...
Key messageAfter controlling for the effects of size and light, partial regression revealed that height growth of common beech saplings was negatively affected by sapling age. Abstract Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings were studied along gradients of light availability (4–82 % of full sunlight), initial size (9–290 cm), and age (2–25 years) to examine the interactive effect of these...
Sorbus torminalis L. (Crantz) is a rare species in Central European forests with very limited quantitative information on its regeneration and growth dynamics. Since coppicing is no longer practiced in the most parts of Central Europe, it is unclear whether S. torminalis, which has usually a shorter end height than companion species, can persist in high forest systems. Here, we quantified species...
Induction of somatic embryos and plant regeneration was demonstrated for the first time in Alnus glutinosa. Somatic embryos were initiated from zygotic embryos collected 1–3 weeks post-anthesis (WPA), i.e., when they were at globular or early cotyledonary stage and were 0.5–1 mm in length. Induction frequency (16.6 %) and the mean number of somatic embryos (4.5 embryos/explant) were highest after...
We examined the influence of calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) nutrition on the foliar physiology of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] in northern New England, USA. At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (NH, USA), spruce and fir saplings were sampled from control, Al-, and Ca-supplemented plots at a long-established nutrient perturbation (NuPert) study in fall...
Key messageThis article presents the first investigation of X-ray irradiation treatments of olive shoot culture followed by detailed genetic analysis of induced mutation events. This was achieved by comparing morphological measurements, studies of nuclear DNA content and molecular marker (SSR and AFLP) analysis. Abstract Traditional olive cultivars often need minor phenotypic corrections, which...
Pine seedling shoots undergo sharp heteroblastic changes during the early ontogenetic stages. The rate of these changes has been seen to vary between species and provenances within species, but there is a marked lack of information about its genetic control at the lower hierarchical levels. We used clonal replicates of maritime pine to determine broad-sense heritability of shoot ontogenetic heteroblasty...
Key messageThe gynoecium inM. denudatawas thermogenic, and the first peak in the female phase lasted longer than the second peak in the male phase during flowering. Abstract The floral biology of Magnolia denudata, including the thermogenesis of floral buds and blooming, were investigated using a portable infrared thermal imaging radiometer and digital infrared thermometer. We found that...
This study was conducted to determine whether plants in the presence or absence of competition differ in their responses to warming, and whether density modifies the effect of warming. Picea purourea seedlings were grown under ambient and warming (ambient +2.2 °C) conditions in climate control chambers with two different planting densities. After 4 years, seedlings were harvested and measured for...
Key messageMountain pines in the Swiss National Park show evidence of partial cambial mortality, which affects the precision of tree-ring-based death dates, followed by lagged crown mortality. Abstract The time of tree death is commonly reconstructed by dating the outermost ring of tree-ring series. However, due to the occurrence of partial cambial mortality, the date of the outermost tree ring...
Knowledge of root profiles is essential for measuring and predicting ecosystem dynamics and function. In the present study, the effects of management practices on root (0.5 ≤ ø < 20 mm) spatial distribution were examined in a 40-year-old coppice stand (CpS 1968) and other two stands converted from coppice to thinned high forest in 1994 (CvS 1994) and 2004 (CvS 2004), respectively. The use of a...
We analyzed the differences between irrigated and non-irrigated plants of three congeneric Styrax species that present distinct distribution patterns in the physiognomies of the Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. Styrax ferrugineus showed a stomatal conductance (gs) unresponsive to soil water deficit in potted plants. This may explain the high gas exchange and photochemical efficiency found in this species,...
The analysis of the anatomical characteristics of tree rings of the Pinus sibirica scions and Pinus sylvestris rootstocks is presented. The main anatomical features maintain the seasonal dynamics characteristic of the reference (ungrafted) trees of scion and rootstock, pointing to the stability of the genetic control of the xylem differentiation. However, various anatomical characteristics are reduced...
The ability to accurately predict the load-bearing capacity of tree forks would improve tree surveying and tree surgery techniques and assist with the biomechanical modelling of a tree’s structure. In this study, the bending strength of forks of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) was investigated by assessing the mechanical contributions from three component parts of each fork. Intact forks and ones in which...
Key messageOur study provides evidence that neither elevated CO2nor elevated O3alters the positive asymmetric competition for light and the symmetric competition for water among beech and spruce individuals grown in monoculture. We conclude that the mechanism of competition (i.e. symmetric/asymmetric) above (e.g shading or overtopping effect) and belowground (e.g. non-preemption or foraging) rather than abiotic treatments such as elevated CO...
The ability of trees to recover from damage beyond the last-formed periderm as well as the drivers and nature of associated wound reactions have been studied for more than two centuries using macroscopic (desiccation, aeration or discoloration of wood) and microscopic approaches (anatomical and chemical reactions). However, no studies currently exist which address large-scale macroscopic and microscopic...
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