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Abstract. Three-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were exposed to ambient or elevated ozone (O3) (1.5ambient) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (590mol mol1) concentrations during two growing seasons in open-top field chambers (OTCs). Five different treatments were applied in the chambers: filtered air, ambient air, elevated O3, elevated CO2, and elevated O3 and CO2 combined. Ambient plots...
Abstract. Growth and photosynthetic responses of dwarf apple saplings (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) acclimated to 3years of exposure to contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations (360 and 650mol mol1) in combination with current ambient or elevated (ambient +5C) temperature patterns were determined. Four 1-year-old apple saplings grafted onto M.9 rootstocks were each enclosed in late fall 1997...
Abstract. The effects of three boron levels on the growth dynamics and ectomycorrhizas of seedlings of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] were studied in a growth room experiment. The seedlings were grown in forest humus mixed with quartz sand for 16weeks. The B treatment was applied in the nutrient solution. Stem height, dry weight, number of root tips, mycorrhizas as well as B and N concentrations...
Abstract. To evaluate the sensitivity of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) to high N deposition, 1-year-old seedlings were grown in brown forest soil treated with N as NH4NO3 at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 300mg l1 fresh soil volume, equivalent to 0, 28, 57, 113 and 340kg N ha1. Net photosynthetic rate and whole-plant dry mass of C. japonica...
Abstract. Early growth of Ceriops australis and C. decandra was studied in response to salinity and irradiance under laboratory conditions. These results provided a basis for interpretation of growth patterns during seedling establishment by seven species of Rhizophoraceae with variation in irradiance under natural low and high salinity regimes in a tropical mangrove forest. Survival declined with...
Abstract. Carbohydrate stores may hold the answer to the old question whether treeline trees are carbon limited. However, it is still unknown how sensitively mobile carbon pools reflect the carbon supply status of trees in cold climates. There may be an inherent lower limit to the depletion of these pools, which could restrict their usefulness as indicator values. Here we examined the responsiveness...
Abstract. It is commonly stated that nitrogen (N) influences biomass accumulation in plants. For trees, however, a precise characterisation of shoot response to N and its impact on architecture is lacking. We attempted to study on the phytomer scale the effects of N limitation on shoot growth components, i.e. leaf emergence rate, final internode length and branching on the main and secondary axes...
The relationship between shoot growth and rooting was examined in two, difficult-to root amenity trees, Syringa vulgaris L. cv. Charles Joly and Corylus avellana L. cv. Aurea. A range of treatments reflecting severity of pruning was imposed on field-grown stock prior to bud break. To minimise variation due to the numbers of buds that developed under different treatments, bud number was restricted...
We investigated the effect of (a) different local climate and (b) thinning of the forest canopy on growth and N status of naturally regenerated European beech seedlings in a beech forest on shallow rendzina soil in southern Germany. For this purpose, a 15N-tracing experiment was conducted during the growing season of the year 2000 with beech seedlings growing on a warm, dry SW-exposed site and a cooler,...
Gas exchange and growth of beech seedlings planted in the understory of a recently thinned pinewood were recorded for 2years. Relative irradiance was assessed by hemispherical photographs taken just after the thinning. Predawn water potential (pd), daily gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured several times during the two growing seasons. Maximum values of photosynthesis (Amax) and...
The effects of hydrogel on growth and ion relationships of a salt resistant woody species, Populus euphratica , were investigated under saline conditions. The hydrogel used was Stockosorb K410, a highly cross-linked polyacrylamide with about 40% of the amide group hydrolysed to carboxylic groups. Amendment of saline soil (potassium mine refuse) with 0.6% hydrogel improved seedling growth (2.7-fold...
The allocation of plant internal resources to growth processes (primary metabolism) and to defensive compounds (secondary metabolism) is determined by plant internal competition for common substrates and energy. In order to contribute to the discussion about environmental impacts on this trade-off between demands for growth and defence, we extended a complex plant growth model to simulate the formation...
Propagule dispersal, establishment and recruitment to the sapling stage are critical steps in the life cycle of mangroves. Specific (i.show $132#e., per capita) rates of recruitment and mortality, and the growth rates of Rhizophora seedlings in three mangrove stands in Ulugan Bay (Palawan, Philippines) were estimated between March 1999 and February 2001. Recruitment and mortality were variable in...
To obtain basic information for evaluating critical loads of acid deposition for protecting Japanese beech forests, growth, net photosynthesis and leaf nutrient status of Fagus crenata seedlings grown for two growing seasons in brown forest soil acidified with H2SO4 or HNO3 solution were investigated. The whole-plant dry mass of the seedlings grown in the soil acidified by the addition of H2SO4 or...
The effects of two boron (B) levels on growth, shoot water potential, gas exchange and nutrient accumulation in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied in a growth room experiment lasting 22 weeks which included well-watered control seedlings and seedlings exposed to one (8 days) or two (6+8 days) periods of drought and a rewatering period (8 days) at the end of the experiment...
Globally, water and temperature provide the dominant environmental determinants of tree distribution and growth. In riparian or streamside zones, groundwater is abundant, and we consequently predicted that temperature would limit the growth of riparian cottonwoods in a cool climate northern mountain region. To investigate this association, we analyzed tree rings of 167 black cottonwoods, Populus trichocarpa...
The objectives of this study were to clarify the influences of nitrogen (N) load on the growth and photosynthetic responses of Quercus serrata seedlings to O3 and to obtain basic data for evaluating the critical levels of O3 for protecting Q. serrata forests in Japan. The effects of O3 and/or N load on growth and photosynthetic activity of Q. serrata seedlings were investigated during the two growing...
To obtain the basic data for evaluating the critical level of ozone (O3) to protect Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species, the growth and photosynthetic responses of Fagus crenata seedlings to O3 under different nitrogen (N) loads were investigated. The seedlings were grown in potted andisol supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 20 or 50 kg ha−1 year−1 and were exposed to charcoal-filtered...
We studied the impact of ozone enrichment and late frost, singly and interactively, on four birch (Betula pendula Roth) families selected from a naturally regenerated birch stand in southeastern Finland. Seedlings were exposed to 1.5× ambient ozone over one and a half growing seasons using free-air ozone enrichment system. Simulated springtime frost was implemented at the beginning of the second study...
The responses of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] to enhanced UV-B radiation during the 5-year treatment performed outdoors have been subjected to ecophysiological and growth analysis. The plants were exposed to UV-B radiation, simulating 17% ozone depletion. Ecophysiological parameters were monitored three times a year on three needle age classes, while growth was analysed at the end of each...
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