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Key messageThis paper provides an important direct proembryogenic mass initiation and plant regeneration method that might be supportive and stable for gene transformation and commercial production ofTorreya grandis. Abstract Torreya grandis is an important and commercially valuable tree that is utilized as a source of essential oil and nuts. Propagation researches of T. grandis have been...
Key message Under increasing short-term drought stress,E. camaldulensisplantlets showed reduced stomatal conductance, then decreased carboxylation efficiency, and finally, reduced quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Abstract We evaluated the physiological responses of a drought-tolerant (DT) clone and a drought-sensitive (DS) clone of Eucalyptus camaldulensis to drought...
Key messageThe high concentration of N and K caused a weakening of physiological conditions of the trees. Application of N, P and K from starch effluent is not a suitable method of waste management. Abstract Since 1984, potato starch effluent has been applied to trees in the Iława Forest Inspectorate to promote the biological utilization of this waste product containing high amounts of nitrogen...
Key messageThis study showed the negative effects of insect defoliation on the reproduction of canopy trees, where defoliation was not artificially manipulated but rather observed in a natural setting. Abstract The gypsy moth (Lymantria diapar) is a serious defoliator with the ability to completely defoliate forest canopies. Although the negative effects of defoliation on tree reproduction...
Key messagePresented Models describe the current growth rate. These models are good tools for growth prediction in the near future and will be compareable with further models; they will demonstrate the Norway spruce growth changes considering the climate change. Abstract Tree growth depends on genetic, climatic, microsite conditions and stand structure variations. A new evaluation method was...
Key messageYoungP. omorikatrees subjected to static bending showed a severe compression wood response as characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy/microscopy, which decreased in severity with height correlated with a decrease in bending moment. Abstract This investigation is aimed at understanding the reaction wood response in a slow-growing conifer species under conditions of severe...
Key messageDaily stem growth was reduced by drought with high significance, but not affected by ozone uptake or drought–ozone interaction. Increasing air temperature showed capacity of compensating negative drought effects. Abstract Future increases in stress on forest trees due to rising ozone deposition and/or exacerbating drought are one of many contemporary climate change concerns. European...
Key messageLeaf relative water content, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings along withCo-rbcLandCo-rbcSexpression can be used for evaluatingCamellia oleiferaresponses to combined drought and heat stress and subsequent recovery after rainfall events. Abstract Leaf characteristics, soluble protein and total soluble sugar contents as well as Rubisco-related...
Key messageThe surface area and dry biomass of leaves can be satisfactorily estimated from simple dimension measurements. These data are useful for estimating carbon allocation in trees using functional–structural growth models. Abstract Leaf area and leaf dry biomass are key parameters linked to plant production and they are used in functional–structural plant models to simulate plant growth,...
Key messageEnhanced levels of CO2affected both the nutrition and morphology of both species. The effect of interspecific competition was dependent on the species identity but not on the CO2level. Abstract The interest in adaptive forest strategies to overcome predicted scenarios of climate change is increasing worldwide. An example of these strategies is the introduction of native...
Key messageAmong apple viruses, the present study identifiedApple stem grooving virusinfection inBauhinia variegata. CP gene of the isolate clustered with kiwi isolate, however, differing in biological characteristics. Abstract Bauhinia variegata, widely distributed in Kangra district (Himachal Pradesh, India), was found to exhibit severe virus-like symptoms, which included chlorosis,...
Key messageIn tropical forests, co-occurring woody monocot and dicot species adapted different water use strategies highly depending on their investment in the hydraulic conduit properties. Abstract We studied the hydraulic efficiency of palms and broad-leaved tropical tree species from a moist tropical lowland forest in the Central Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, we harvested 34 trees and 10...
Key messageEnvironmental filters select species with different characteristics. However, these do not exhibit the functional integration of the whole plant level. Abstract Functional integration at the whole plant level, between the strategies of the various plant organs, needs to be better elucidated to facilitate the understanding of species ecology over an environmental gradient. Thus,...
Key messageA model of wood formation processes in pines predicted 80% of mean wood density variation from inputs of carbohydrate allocation and tree water status from several varied sites. Abstract Numerous factors determine how wood properties vary as a tree grows. In order to model wood formation, a framework that considers the various xylogenetic processes is required. We describe a new...
Key messageLate-successional red spruce performed relatively better than faster growing black spruce under elevated carbon dioxide; this may be related to species’ shade tolerance. Abstract We compared growth, components of growth, and biomass allocation between two largely sympatric spruces, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.; RS) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.; BS) using 12 populations...
Key messageElevated atmospheric humidity reduced bud size by restricting primordium growth and increased the frequency of bud break in fast-growing deciduous trees, but the responses are species-specific. Abstract The initiation, development, and growth potential of buds determine the structure of a tree crown. Climate change scenarios project increasing amounts of precipitation at high latitudes...
Key messageFour PM H+-ATPase genes fromHevea brasiliensiswere identified, and their structure, phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns and roles in latex metabolism were analyzed. Abstract Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases play important roles in various cellular processes and stress responses. However, information on the PM H+-ATPase gene family of Hevea brasiliensis is limited...
Key messageSprouting is a key component of the population dynamics of woody species. Regeneration via sprouting contributes substantially to population growth when resource availability varies. Abstract Basal sprouting is an important trait that facilitates the persistence of woody species under different environmental conditions. Environmental heterogeneity can have variable effects on allocation...
Key messageTwo modes of amphivasal vascular bundle formation were identified, which may help determine the rate of radial growth inDracaena dracostem. Abstract Secondary growth of monocotyledonous plants results from monocot cambium activity. This lateral meristem gives rise to secondary tissues, i.e., secondary xylem and phloem arranged in vascular bundles, as well as the ground tissue...
Key MessageTropical forests play a disproportionately large role in the global climate system, yet the extent to which nutrients limit the potential for tropical trees to increase carbon gain as atmospheric carbon dioxide rises is unknown. Abstract This review focuses on what is known about tropical tree responses to experimental nutrient addition and how such information is critical for developing...
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