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We investigated the potential links between stomatal control of transpiration and the risk of embolism in root and shoot xylem of seedlings of three Mediterranean conifers (Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus halepensis and P. nigra) grown in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions. We measured the intrinsic vulnerability to embolism in roots and current year shoots by the air injection method. Root...
Populus × euramericana, P. alba, and P. nigra clones were exposed to ambient or elevated (about 550 ppm) CO2 concentrations under field conditions (FACE) in central Italy. After three growing seasons, the plantation was coppiced. FACE was continued and in addition, one-half of each experimental plot was fertilised with nitrogen. Growth and anatomical wood properties were analysed in secondary sprouts...
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Schinus) is an invasive exotic species widely found in disturbed and native communities of Florida. This species has been shown to displace native species as well as alter community structure and function. The purpose of this study was to determine if the growth and gas exchange patterns of Schinus, under differing salinity conditions, were different from native species...
Previous studies on the mechanisms of birch resistance to herbivores and foliar micro-fungi (both pathogenic and endophytic) have focused mainly on the role of internal leaf chemistry. In the present study, we examined genetic correlations between leaf surface traits (glandular trichome density and total concentrations of surface flavonoid aglycones) and occurrence of three species of foliar micro-fungi,...
Sulfate transport processes and its regulation were studied in roots of poplar trees (Populus tremula x P. alba). From the exponential increase in sulfate uptake with temperature an activation energy (Ea) of 9.0±0.8 kJ mol−1 was calculated. In the concentration range 0.005–10 mM sulfate uptake showed biphasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 3.2±3.4 μM and a Vmax of 49±11 nmol SO42− g−1...
The effects of two boron (B) levels on growth, shoot water potential, gas exchange and nutrient accumulation in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied in a growth room experiment lasting 22 weeks which included well-watered control seedlings and seedlings exposed to one (8 days) or two (6+8 days) periods of drought and a rewatering period (8 days) at the end of the experiment...
We investigated leaf and shoot architecture in relation to growth irradiance (Qint) in young and mature trees of a New Zealand native gymnosperm Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl. to determine tree size-dependent and age-dependent controls on light interception efficiency. A binomial 3-D turbid medium model was constructed to distinguish between differences in shoot light interception efficiency due...
Pollen-mediated gene flow and the male reproductive success of wind-pollinated trees depend on the initial viability of the pollen and the changes that occur in its viability during transport in the atmosphere. The viability of Quercus robur pollen was determined before and during exposure to sunlight by in vitro germination and the fluorescein diacetate reaction (FCR) in 2002 and 2003, respectively...
The goal of this study was to determine how increased nutrient availability affects foliage morphology of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) without introducing the confounding influence of light availability. Morphology of fascicles from the terminal leader (radius, length, specific needle area, density, and needles per fascicle) and terminal leader traits (length, foliated length, total leaf area, and...
The lower foliar photosynthetic rates seen in shoots in the upper crowns of tall trees than those in seedlings could be caused by extrinsic factors, such as hydraulic conductance, for shoots or by irreversible intrinsic change in the meristems during tree development. To clarify which is most significant, we compared foliar gas exchange characteristics and water relations among scions of Japanese...
A full-length dehydrin-like cDNA clone was obtained from a Pistacia vera L. cDNA library. The clone was sequenced and it was found that the deduced protein consists of 230 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.87 kDa. The glycine rich protein is highly hydrophilic, contains 47.4% charged amino acids and belongs to the Kn-type of dehydrins. It comprises five repetitive units, each containing...
The potential effects of global changes on forests are of increasing concern. Dendrochronology, which deals with long-term records of tree growth under natural environmental conditions, can be used to evaluate the impact of climatic change on forest productivity. However, assessment of climatic change impacts must be supported by accurate and reliable models of the relationships between climate and...
The applicability of a heuristic model for estimating mean fine-root biomass of Norway spruce stands based on the coordinates and the diameters at breast height (diameter at a height of 1.3 m, dbh) of their trees was tested. The model was developed based on the following assumptions which were derived from the literature: (1) the maximum distance the roots of a tree can be found depends on the dimension...
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