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Oregon white oak or Garry oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) is a shade-intolerant, deciduous species that has been overtopped by conifers during the past century in parts of its range due to an altered disturbance regime. We examined the response of suppressed Oregon white oak trees in western Washington, USA, to three levels of release from overtopping Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb...
The purpose of this work is to increase ecological understanding of Avicennia germinans L. and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. F. growing in hypersaline habitats with a seasonal climate. The area has a dry season (DS) with low temperature and vapour pressure deficit (vpd), and a wet season (WS) with high temperature and slightly higher vpd. Seasonal patterns in interstitial soil water salinity...
We investigated crossdating and climate sensitivity in tree-ring series from Eucalyptus delegatensis Baker, R.T. and E. obliqua L'Herit. We first visually crossdated the measured ring width series and then independently verified this crossdating using Xmatch and cross-correlation significance tests. Crossdating was verified in 28 of the 32 study trees. Crossdating success differed between E. delegatensis...
The coarse root systems of 24 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees, from a 40-year-old plantation in west Scotland, were extracted, digitised in three dimensions, and root topology was recorded. Roots were from trees grown on a steep (ca. 30°) north-facing slope, and from an adjacent horizontal area with similar gleyed mineral soil. The prevailing wind was across-slope from the west...
The rate of leaf CO2 assimilation (Al) and leaf area determine the rate of canopy CO2 assimilation (Ac) can be thought proportional to assimilate supply for growth and structural requirements of plants. Partitioning of biomass within plants and anatomy of cells within stems can determine how assimilate supply affects both stem growth and wood density. We examined the response of stem growth and...
Ecophysiological and structural traits of seedlings of the water-saver Pinus halepensis and the water-spenders Quercus coccifera and Q. ilex were studied in response to water stress under greenhouse conditions. Water deficit reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and, as a consequence, both net CO2 assimilation (A) and transpiration rate (E) were also reduced. Water stress also emphasized midday down-regulation...
Seeds of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. (Leguminosae) have an endosperm which accumulates galactomannan as a storage polysaccharide in the cell walls. After germination, it is hydrolysed by three enzymes: α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), endo-β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) and β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25). This work aimed at studying the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on galactomannan degradation during and...
Ring-width chronologies of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from ten sites in the Tatra Mountains, Poland, were developed to explore growth/climate responses in stands along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 839 to 1468 m a.s.l. There were positive relationships between current-year radial growth and mean monthly temperatures in March, April, June and July, but with increasing elevation, the strength of...
To test whether the impact of an enriched-CO2 environment on the growth and biomass allocation of first-season Quercus suber L. seedlings can modify the drought response under shade or sun conditions, seedlings were grown in pots at two CO2 concentrations × two watering regimes × two irradiances. Compared to CO2, light and water treatment had greater effects on all morphological traits measured (height,...
Wood area index (WAI; total surface area of branches and bole per unit of land area) is an important yet often neglected forest structural attribute. Branchwood surface area, in particular, has significant implications for many ecophysiological processes including total respiration and interception of radiation and rainfall. Branch surface area was estimated at the branch-, tree-, and stand-level...
Plant defences can incur allocation costs and such costs incurred early in ontogeny may result in opportunity costs with effects evident later in life. A unified understanding of the growth cost of defence requires the identification of plants with varying ontogenetic trajectories of preferably resource demanding defences and an appropriate measurement of the growth cost of these defences. To develop...
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