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Main conclusion The plasticity of plant growth response to differing nitrate availability renders the identification of biomarkers difficult, but allows access to genetic factors as tools to modulate root systems to a wide range of soil conditions. Nitrogen availability is a major determinant of crop yield. While the application of fertiliser substantially increases the yield on poor soils, it also...
Main conclusion Identification and functional characterization of plant pathogen effectors promise to ameliorate future research and develop effective and sustainable strategies for controlling or containing crop diseases.Wheat is the second most important food crop of the world after rice. Rust pathogens, one of the major biotic stresses in wheat production, are capable of threatening the world food...
Main conclusion In sweetcorn (Zea mays L.), embryo Zn is accumulated mainly as Zn-phytate, whereas endosperm Zn is complexed with a N- or S-containing ligand.Understanding the speciation of Zn in crop plants helps improve the effectiveness of biofortification efforts. Kernels of four sweetcorn (Zea mays L.) varieties were analysed for Zn concentration and content. We also assessed the speciation of...
Main conclusion The possible molecular mechanisms regulating strawberry fruit ripening were revealed by plant hormone quantification, exogenous hormone application, and RNA-sequencing.Fruit ripening involves a complex interplay among plant hormones. Strawberry is a model for studies on non-climacteric fruit ripening. However, the knowledge on how plant hormones are involved in strawberry ripening...
Main conclusion Depending on the N source and plant ontogenetic state, the epiphytic tank-forming bromeliad Vriesea gigantea can modulate aquaporin expression to maximize the absorption of the most available nitrogen source. Abstract Epiphytic bromeliads frequently present a structure formed by the overlapping of leaf bases where water and nutrients can be accumulated and absorbed, called tank....
Main conclusion The involvement of a WRKY transcription factor in the regulation of lignan biosynthesis in flax using a hairy root system is described. Abstract Secoisolariciresinol is the main flax lignan synthesized by action of LuPLR1 (pinoresinol–lariciresinol reductase 1). LuPLR1 gene promoter deletion experiments have revealed a promoter region containing W boxes potentially responsible for...
Main conclusion The present study is the first to integrate physiological and proteomic data providing information on Fe, Mn and Zn deficiency-responsive mechanisms of potato plants in vitro. Abstract Micronutrient deficiency is an important limiting factor for potato production that causes substantial tuber yield and quality losses. To under the underlying molecular mechanisms of potato in response...
Main conclusion The plastid phosphate translocators evolved in algae but diversified into several groups, which adopted different physiological functions by extensive gene duplications and losses in Streptophyta.The plastid phosphate translocators (pPT) are a family of transporters involved in the exchange of metabolites and inorganic phosphate between stroma and cytosol. Based on their substrate...
Main conclusion Gymnosperms respond differently to light intensity and R:FR; although some aspects of shade response appear conserved, yet underlying mechanisms seem to be diverse in gymnosperms as compared to angiosperms.Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is well-characterized in the shade intolerant model species Arabidopsis thaliana whereas much less is known about shade tolerance response (STR), yet...
Main conclusion Sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), as well as proteogenic and non-proteogenic amino acids, are present in the nectar of Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha. Abstract Nectar quantity and quality are floral traits that are subjected to pollinator-mediated selection. Nectar sugar and amino acid (AA) composition in two sister species, P. bifolia and P. chlorantha, was analysed...
Main conclusion Totally, 23 and 26 loci for the first count germination ratio and the final germination ratio were detected by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and association mapping, respectively, which could be used to facilitate wheat pre-harvest sprouting breeding. Abstract Weak dormancy can cause pre-harvest sprouting in seeds of common wheat which significantly reduces grain yield. In...
Main conclusion Glucomannan was more strongly oriented, in line with the orientation of cellulose, than the xylan in both compression wood and normal wood of Chinese fir. Lignin in compression wood was somewhat more oriented in the direction of the cellulose microfibrils than in normal wood.The structural organization in compression wood (CW) is quite different from that in normal wood (NW). To shed...
Main conclusion Rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein OsPIL15 regulates tiller angle through light and gravity signals in rice.Tiller angle of cereal crops is a key agronomic trait that contributes to grain production. An understanding of how tiller angle is controlled is helpful for achieving ideal plant architecture to improve grain yield. Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are known...
Main conclusion A method for extraction of wood DNA and a strategy for designing high-resolution barcodes for wood were developed. Ycf1b was the prioritized barcode to resolve the Pterocarpus wood species studied.DNA barcoding, an effective tool for wood species identification, mainly focuses on universal barcodes and often lacks high resolution to differentiate species, especially for closely related...
Main conclusion Ethylene receptor is crucial for PCD and aerenchyma formation in Typha angustifolia leaves. Not only does it receive and deliver the ethylene signal, but it probably can determine the cell fate during aerenchyma morphogenesis, which is due to the receptor expression quantity. Abstract Aquatic plant oxygen delivery relies on aerenchyma, which is formed by a programmed cell death (PCD)...
Main conclusion This review will provide evidence for the indispensable function of these elements in regulating plant development and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as their evolutionary role in facilitating plant adaptation. Abstract Over millions of years of evolution, plant genomes have acquired a complex constitution. Plant genomes consist not only of protein coding sequences,...
Main conclusion The overexpression of SlbHLH22 functioned in controlling flowering time, accelerated fruit ripening, and produced more ethylene-producing phenotypes in tomato. Abstract Flowering and fruit ripening are two complex transition processes regulated by various internal and external factors that ultimately lead to fruit maturation and final seed dispersal. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)...
Main conclusion The essential oils (EOs) of Plectranthus amboinicus showed the highest larvicidal activity among four herbal plants studied and β-caryophyllene might be the major component responsible for its differential toxicity to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes Aegypti.Mosquitoes act as vectors for many life-threatening diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus infection...
Main conclusion Isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins occur in poplar as free compounds and constituents of tRNA, poplar isopentenyltransferases are involved in the production of isoprenoid cytokinins, while biosynthesis of their aromatic counterparts remains unsolved.Cytokinins are phytohormones with a fundamental role in the regulation of plant growth and development. They occur naturally either as...
Main conclusion In wheat, a QTL QTrl.saw-2D.2 associated with the total root length was identified, presumably containing genes closely related to root development.A mapping population of 184 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross SY95-71 × CH7034 was used to map QTL for seedling root characteristics in hydroponic culture (HC) and in soil-filled pot (SP) methods. Four traits, including maximum...
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