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Main conclusion Rice xylan is predominantly monoacetylated at O-2 and O-3, and 14 rice DUF231 proteins were demonstrated to be xylan acetyltransferases.Acetylated xylans are the principal hemicellulose in the cell walls of grass species. Because xylan acetylation impedes the conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels, knowledge on acetyltransferases catalyzing xylan acetylation in grass species...
Main conclusion TpRNAMP5 is mainly expressed in the plasma membrane of roots and basal stems. It functions as a metal transporter for Cd, Mn and Co accumulation.Numerous natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) have been functionally identified in various plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, soybean and tobacco, but no information is available on NRAMP genes in wheat. In this...
Main conclusion Grapevine autophagy-related genes (ARGs) include 35 members that have unique evolutionary backgrounds and expression patterns, with some of them responding to abiotic stresses, including copper stress.Autophagy is one of the most crucial self-regulating phenomena in livings organisms, including animals, plants, yeasts, etc. In the genomes of plants, like Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco,...
Main conclusion Constitutive expression of AchGLK from A. chinensis in transgenic tomato (S. lycopersicum) confers fruits an elevated plastid biogenesis with intensified granule thylakoid stacks and increased content of nutritional compounds.Plastid development is regulated by multiple environmental and genetic factors. Golden2-like (GLK) genes, members from GARP subfamily of the MYB transcription...
Main conclusion During maize somatic embryogenesis, suppression of phytoglobins (Pgbs) reduced ABA levels leading to ethylene-induced programmed cell death in the developing embryos. These effects modulate embryonic yield depending on the cellular localization of specific phytoglobin gene expression.Suppression of Zea mays phytoglobins (ZmPgb1.1 or ZmPgb1.2) during somatic embryogenesis induces programmed...
Main conclusion Latexes in immature fruit, young petioles and lignified trunks of fig trees protect the plant using toxic proteins and metabolites in various organ-dependent ways.Latexes from plants contain high amounts of toxic proteins and metabolites, which attack microbes and herbivores after exudation at pest-induced wound sites. The protein and metabolite constituents of latexes are highly variable,...
Main conclusion Expressing an RNAi construct in maize kernels that targets the gene for alpha-amylase in Aspergillus flavus resulted in suppression of alpha-amylase (amy1) gene expression and decreased fungal growth during in situ infection resulting in decreased aflatoxin production.Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic fungus and pathogen to several important food and feed crops, including maize....
Main conclusion Under normal growth conditions, Arabidopsis VOZ1 interacts with DREB2C and acts as a transcriptional repressor by reducing DNA binding of DREB2C. Under heat stress conditions, VOZ1 is degraded by ubiquitination, and DREB2C, which is freed from VOZ1, functions as a transcription activator.To investigate the mechanism by which the DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR 2C (DREB2C)-dependent...
Main conclusion The approach presented here can be applied to reduce the time needed to introduce traits from wild apples into null segregant advanced selections by one-fourth.Interesting traits like resistances to pathogens are often found within the wild apple gene pool. However, the long juvenile phase of apple seedlings hampers the rapid introduction of these traits into new cultivars. The rapid...
Main conclusion Overexpression of BnaWGR1 causes ROS accumulation and promotes leaf senescence. BnaWGR1 binds to promoters of RbohD and RbohF and regulates their expression.Manipulation of leaf senescence process affects agricultural traits of crop plants, including biomass, seed yield and stress resistance. Since delayed leaf senescence usually enhances tolerance to multiple stresses, we analyzed...
The article A reversible light- and genotype-dependent acquired thermotolerance response protects the potato plant from damage due to excessive temperature, written by Almudena Trapero-Mozos, Laurence J. M. Ducreux, Craita E. Bita, Wayne Morris, Cosima Wiese, Jenny A. Morris, Christy Paterson, Peter E. Hedley, Robert D. Hancock, and Mark Taylor, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s...
Main conclusion Based on yeast one-hybrid assays, we show that the presence of C-terminal AHA motifs is not a prerequisite for transactivation potential in rice heat shock factors.Transcriptional activation or transactivation (TA) of heat stress responsive genes takes place by binding of heat shock factors (Hsfs) to heat shock elements. Analysis of TA potential of thirteen rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hsfs...
Main conclusion This study showed that a galactosyltransferase, AgUCGalT1, is involved in anthocyanin galactosylation in purple celery.Celery is a well-known vegetable because of its rich nutrients, low calories, and medicinal values. Its petioles and leaf blades are the main organs acting as nutrient sources. UDP-galactose: cyanidin 3-O-galactosyltransferase can transfer the galactosyl moiety from...
Main conclusion Verticillium colonization does induce a cascade of defense/stress proteins but the Ve1 gene also promotes enhanced root growth, which appears to allow the plant to outgrow the pathogen and avoid symptoms associated with an exaggerated defense response.In tomato, the Ve1 gene provides resistance to the vascular pathogen, Verticillium dahliae, race 1; ve1 plants are susceptible. However,...
Main conclusion Transcriptome analysis was carried out for wheat seedlings and spikes from hybrid Jingmai 8 and both inbred lines to unravel mechanisms underlying heterosis.Heterosis, known as one of the most successful strategies for increasing crop yield, has been widely exploited in plant breeding systems. Despite its great importance, the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis remains elusive...
Main conclusion The macroalga Bryopsis corticulans relies on a sustained protective NPQ and a peculiar body architecture to efficiently adapt to the extreme light changes of intertidal shores.During low tides, intertidal algae experience prolonged high light stress. Efficient dissipation of excess light energy, measured as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, is therefore...
Main conclusion Natural 2n female gametes and transmission of parental heterozygosity by natural 2n gametes in Populus tomentosa are reported for the first time, which provides a new approach to polyploid breeding. Abstract Naturally occurring 2n pollen is widespread in Populus tomentosa and plays an important role in polyploid breeding. However, the competitiveness of 2n pollen is lower than that...
Main conclusion A powerful acquired thermotolerance response in potato was demonstrated and characterised in detail, showing the time course required for tolerance, the reversibility of the process and requirement for light.Potato is particularly vulnerable to increased temperature, considered to be the most important uncontrollable factor affecting growth and yield of this globally significant crop...
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