Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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Leukaemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: Estimation of radiation risks (19861995) Received: 10 July 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 17 December 1996

V. K. Ivanov, A. F. Tsyb, A. I. Gorsky, M. A. Maksyutov, more

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 9-16

Abstract This work focuses on the direct epidemiological assessment of the risks of radiation-induced leukaemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers (EW) after the Chernobyl accident. The Russian National Medical Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) contains data for 168 000 EW as of January 1, 1996. The analysis relates to 48 leukaemias and 47 thyroid cancers, diagnosed and verified. Radiation risks are...

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Analysis of strontium metabolism in humans on the basis of the Techa river data

E. I. Tolstykh, V. P. Kozheurov, O. V. Vyushkova, M. O. Degteva

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 25-29

Abstract Age and sex features of strontium metabolism have been analyzed based on studies of the population residing on the banks of the Techa river which was contaminated by fission products during the years 19491956. Measurements of 90Sr body burden have been performed since 1974 using a whole-body counter, and these have made it possible to estimate age-specific long-term retention and elimination...

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Thyroid dose reconstruction for the population of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident

V. V. Drozdovitch, G. M. Goulko, V. F. Minenko, H. G. Paretzke, more

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 17-23

Abstract An 131I environmental transfer model adapted for Belorussian conditions was applied to estimate thyroid doses for different population groups. For this purpose the available data were analysed and the important radioecological parameters assessed, i.e. (a) the elimination rate of 131I from grass due to weathering and growth dilution, (b) the initial interception of 131I by vegetation, (c)...

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Computation of cell survival in heavy ion beams for therapy The model and its approximation

M. Scholz, A. M. Kellerer, W. Kraft-Weyrather, G. Kraft

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 59-66

Abstract A simplified method for the calculation of mammalian cell survival after charged particle irradiation is presented that is based on the track structure model of Scholz and Kraft [1, 2]. Utilizing a modified linear-quadratic relation for the x-ray survival curve, one finds that the model yields linear-quadratic relations also for heavy ion irradiation. If survival is calculated as a function...

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Exact solutions of the clonal expansion model and their application to the incidence of solid tumors of atomic bomb survivors

W. F. Heidenreich, P. Jacob, H. G. Paretzke

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 45-58

Abstract We derive explizit hazard functions for the clonal expansion model in the ``exact formulation and in the ``epidemiological approximation for the spontaneous rate and for short-time exposure. We investigate which combination of the biological parameters can be determined from the incidence function, and which cannot. We then analyze the incidence data of all solid tumors of atomic bomb survivors...

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The use of dietary calcium intake of dairy ruminants to predict the transfer coefficient of radiostrontium to milk

B. J. Howard, N. A. Beresford, R. W. Mayes, H. S. Hansen, more

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 39-43

Abstract Transfer coefficients (the equilibrium ratio be-tween radionuclide activity concentration in milk or meat and the daily intake of radionuclide) are widely used to predict the contamination of animal products following the release of radionuclides into the environment. For a transfer coefficient to be generally applicable, its value must be constant for a range of circumstances. However, this...

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137Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

K. Bunzl, P. Jacob, W. Schimmack, R. M. Alexakhin, more

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 31-37

Abstract To predict the external gamma-dose rate of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs for a period of about 100 years after its deposition, the vertical distribution of radiocesium in several meadow soils in the Chernobyl area and in Germany was determined, and the corresponding residence half-times of this radionuclide in the various soil layers were evaluated using a compartment model. The resulting residence...

article

Editorial

A. M. Kellerer

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 1

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Low doses of ionizing radiation induce nuclear activity in human tumour cell lines which catalyses homologous double-strand recombination

Shirley Lehnert, Terry Y.-K. Chow

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 67-70

Abstract Activity catalysing double-strand DNA recombination has been investigated in human tumour cell lines using an in vitro assay in which nuclear extracts from tumour cells are used to catalyse homologous recombination between deletion plasmids. The cell lines investigated showed comparable constitutive levels of recombination activity. In several cell lines a two- to fourfold increase in the...

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Perinatal mortality in Germany following the Chernobyl accident

A. Krblein, H. Kchenhoff

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 1 > 3-7

Abstract Perinatal mortality in Germany was investigated with respect to a possible relationship to the nuclear accident in Chernobyl on April 26, 1986. Using annual data of perinatal mortality, a trend analysis based on an appropriately chosen statistical model was performed which showed a significant increase in 1987. In addition, we calculated the cesium concentration in womens bodies using data...

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Perinatal mortality in Bavaria, Germany, after the Chernobyl reactor accident

B. Grosche, C. Irl, A. Schoetzau, E. van Santen

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 129-136

Abstract As has been shown by the authors of a paper recently published in this journal, a deviation from a long-term trend in perinatal mortality within the former Federal Republic of Germany occurred in 1987, i.e. 1 year following the Chernobyl disaster. It is the aim of this study to make a comparison between the areas of the state Bavaria, Germany, with different fallout levels as well as between...

article

Neutron versus -ray risk estimates Inferences from the cancer incidence and mortality data in Hiroshima

A. M. Kellerer, Elke Nekolla

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 73-83

Abstract While it is recognized that neutrons contributed to the excess cancer incidence and mortality among the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, there is no possibility to deduce the magnitude of this contribution from the data. This remains true even if the neutron doses in the dosimetry system DS86 are corrected upwards in line with recent neutron activation measurements. In spite of this fact,...

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Biophysical analysis of the dose-dependent overdispersion and the restricted linear energy transfer dependence expressed in dicentric chromosome data from alpha-irradiated human lymphocytes

Rdiger Greinert, Dietrich Harder

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 89-95

Abstract Experimental data for the induction of dicentric chromosomes in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human T lymphocytes by 241Am alpha-particles obtained by Schmid et al. have been analyzed in the light of biophysical theory. As usual in experiments with alpha-particles, the relative variance of the intercellular distribution of the number of aberrations per cell exceeds unity, and the multiplicity...

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Effects of lithium chloride as a potential radioprotective agent on radiation response of DNA synthesis in mouse germinal cells

D. Bhattacharjee, R. Rajan, L. Krishnamoorthy, B. B. Singh

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 125-128

Abstract Mouse spermatogonial germ cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Lithium salts are reported to stimulate the postirradiation recovery of hematopoietic marrow cells. We have, therefore, examined whether administered lithium chloride (LiCl) would also be able to protect the mouse germinal cells against radiation injury. Taking DNA synthesis as an endpoint, our results show that the...

article

DNA complex lesions induced by protons and -particles: track structure characteristics determining linear energy transfer and particle type dependence

A. Ottolenghi, M. Merzagora, H. G. Paretzke

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 97-103

Abstract The yield of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) and DNA complex lesions induced by protons and -particles of various energies was simulated using a Monte Carlo track structure code (MOCA15) and a simple model of the DNA molecule. DNA breaks of different complexity were analysed. The linear energy transfer (LET) and particle-type dependence of lesions of higher complexity seems to confirm the...

article

Radiogenic lung cancer: the effects of low doses of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation

Harald H. Rossi, M. Zaider

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 85-88

Abstract A critical review of the literature leads to the conclusion that at the radiation doses generally of concern in radiation protection (2 Gy), protracted exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation (x- or -rays) does not appear to cause lung cancer. There is, in fact, indication of a reduction of the natural incidence.

article

Monte Carlo simulation of physicochemical processes of liquid water radiolysis The effects of dissolved oxygen and OH scavenger

H. Tomita, M. Kai, T. Kusama, A. Ito

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 105-116

Abstract The paper describes developments of the physicochemical part of a computer code system that estimates DNA strand break induction on plasmid pBR322 DNA. In order to test the reliability of the model, we evaluated the dielectric function and the time-dependent yield of chemical species in the presence of OH radical scavenger or dissolved oxygen. Results agree with measurements on the radiolysis...

article

Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor enhances inhibition of DNA replication in mouse cells exposed to x-rays

Y. Wang, N. Cheong, M. Miura, G. Iliakis

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 2 > 117-123

Abstract Previous studies from our laboratory provided evidence for the operation of signal transduction pathways involving ras, myc, and staurosporine-sensitive protein kinases in the regulation of DNA replication in irradiated cells. Because ras and myc are also involved in the signal transduction elicited in response to ligand activation of growth factor receptors, we wondered whether growth factor...

article

The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site: a first assessment of the radiological situation and the test-related radiation doses in the surrounding territories

B. I. Gusev, Z. N. Abylkassimova, K. N. Apsalikov

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 3 > 201-204

Abstract As a result of atmospheric nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site `Polygon, adjacent territories were contaminated by radionuclide fallout. The population of some districts in the Semipalatinsk oblast were exposed to elevated levels of radiation. Contamination and exposure mostly resulted from early atmospheric tests. The radiological situation of the Semipalatinsk oblast is described...

article

Exposure levels for persons involved in recovery operations after the Chernobyl accident Statistical analysis based on the data of the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR)

V. A. Pitkevitch, V. K. Ivanov, A. F. Tsyb, M. A. Maksyoutov, more

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics > 1997 > 36 > 3 > 149-160

Abstract We present a detailed description of dosimetric data entered in the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) for emergency workers (liquidators) involved in recovery operations (RO) after the Chernobyl accident. The data on the absorbed doses from external exposure are based on the documents given to liquidators by organizations that performed dosimetric monitoring in the...

INFONA - science communication portal

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

Leukaemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: Estimation of radiation risks (19861995) Received: 10 July 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 17 December 1996

Analysis of strontium metabolism in humans on the basis of the Techa river data

Thyroid dose reconstruction for the population of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident

Computation of cell survival in heavy ion beams for therapy The model and its approximation

Exact solutions of the clonal expansion model and their application to the incidence of solid tumors of atomic bomb survivors

The use of dietary calcium intake of dairy ruminants to predict the transfer coefficient of radiostrontium to milk

137Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

Editorial

Low doses of ionizing radiation induce nuclear activity in human tumour cell lines which catalyses homologous double-strand recombination

Perinatal mortality in Germany following the Chernobyl accident

Perinatal mortality in Bavaria, Germany, after the Chernobyl reactor accident

Neutron versus -ray risk estimates Inferences from the cancer incidence and mortality data in Hiroshima

Biophysical analysis of the dose-dependent overdispersion and the restricted linear energy transfer dependence expressed in dicentric chromosome data from alpha-irradiated human lymphocytes

Effects of lithium chloride as a potential radioprotective agent on radiation response of DNA synthesis in mouse germinal cells

DNA complex lesions induced by protons and -particles: track structure characteristics determining linear energy transfer and particle type dependence

Radiogenic lung cancer: the effects of low doses of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation

Monte Carlo simulation of physicochemical processes of liquid water radiolysis The effects of dissolved oxygen and OH scavenger

Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor enhances inhibition of DNA replication in mouse cells exposed to x-rays

The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site: a first assessment of the radiological situation and the test-related radiation doses in the surrounding territories

Exposure levels for persons involved in recovery operations after the Chernobyl accident Statistical analysis based on the data of the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR)

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