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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was identified 140 years ago by a Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher. His discovery was fundamental for the development of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. Contemporary biology, biotechnology and medicine largely depends on our ability to analyze, synthesize and manipulate DNA. We present highlights of the history of DNA research from the very beginning to...
Taking up Jacques Derrida's concept of „the university without condition”, we try to argue that the fundamental role of the university in the history of Europe has consisted in a specific kind of radicalism which, on the one hand, allows the individual for the exploration and pursuit of his/her interests and vocation, and, on the other, makes it mandatory to realize that the development of the individual...
The changing environment of science and transformed methods of practising science are a tough test of its honesty and honour. The situation today is completely different than a few decades ago, when science was able to deal by itself with disclosed cases of dishonesty in the community. Today new discoveries require huge outlays of public money, team work, interinstitutional and multidisciplinary methods,...
According to a recently published data obtained by the space probe WMAP, as much as 72% of the Universe energy density is the dark energy of the state equation parameter w from – 1.29 to – 0.75. The dark energy of w < – 1 has been named the phantom dark energy as this value w implies the breaking of the Universe structures in a finite time tR. The phantom dark energy rips apart the Milky Way, the...
Three kinds of historiography and the process of their development throughout the course of history are described in the paper. The first of them, known as long back as in antiquity, is the judging historiography. According to the Latin maxim historia vitae magistra, its objective is to provide the contemporaries with moral instructions through the assessment of past events. Following this one is...
Psychological research has attested to the crucial role of hope in education, business, medicine, and politics. Living in hope enhances the chances of success, helps to adapt to the environment and makes our life more meaningful. On the other hand, absence of hope (hopelessness) leads to cynicism or despair.
The paper is devoted to analysing various aspects of contemporary plagiarism at the higher educational level. In the first part the short history of plagiarism is included as well as classifications of this term. Next, the different ways and forms of plagiarism are considered against the background of motives of the people which are involved in this kind of dishonesty. In the last part of paper the...
For a very long time, RNA was considered just the medium by which information flows from DNA into the cell. The model proposed in the 1960s assumed that proteins are the main products and regulators of the gene expression process. In this context, the results of the Human Genome Project and the discoveries of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs (srRNAs) came as a true surprise. The first ones...
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