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Every discipline has its own special terms regarded to be the “difficult” ones. Very often these are part of the achievements of many generations of scholars, in the same time being components of colloquial language. Such an example for ethnology would be „folk culture”. The term is popularly understood as idealized pictures of Polish camp’s social life. For specialists, though, the term is very wide-ranging,...
Genetically modified plants are critically important for the future bioeconomy in Poland as well as in United Europe. We observe discussions and polemics all around Europe concerning potential risk related to the effects of GM plants, particularly connected with environment, receiving organisms and long term effects. Any reproducible scientific data describing negative effects are available. However,...
Thesis of the article: Christianity as an religious system is mentally founded on two different “institutionalized concepts” of its own identity. The first one is anarchical – related to the religious-reformist potential of the early “Jesus movement” and of the gospel; the second one is archical (authoritarian) – related to the “classic” hierarchic structures of religious-political power. Both concepts...
Author tells the story of his close and very long-lasting acquaintance with Leszek Kołakowski as well as commentates on his intellectual biography and achievements as political and literary essayist, philosopher, historian of ideas, and public figure. In particular he describes in details the first half of Kołakowski’s life, namely the period when he made his long journey from being communist in his...
New theories and research methods as applied in the study of premodern literature and other arts as well, tend to ignore their essential differences from works of the modern era, the latter being formatted according to classicist aesthetic and transmitted mostly in one (printed) version. In case of oral and manuscript delivery there is no established unified text and criticism centered on one text...
The paper deals with the functions and criteria by which research is classified. In particular, the author focuses on examining the applied sciences and R&D, presenting an analysis of the factors underlying their negligible impact on the country’s economic development. In part, the fault for this state of affairs lies with the poor system of research in Poland and with the research and researcher...
Three types of scholars are identified: precursor, savant, and instigator. Scholars produce creative and seminal ideas that serve to advance science. In parallel, three types of researchers are singled out: replicator, erudite, and outsider. Their work lacks creativity and originality, being mostly imitative and derivative. Science (the body of knowledge) is advanced by some, and hampered by other...
The term “gene” was originally used as a purely theoretical concept. After discovery of DNA structure, and understanding the genetic code, the gene acquired a form of a distinct physical entity with its borders and specific signal sequences, having rather simple (as it was thought at that time) functions and relation to phenotype outcome. The term “structural gene” has been coined. The unique gene...
This paper is a voice in the discussion on research procedures, postulated and put into practice by Max Weber. I’m particularly interested in his historical research and the outcomes he gained from it. I see in it some original solutions, including those, which might successfully be put (and they are) many times in modern humanistic research. Some of them, for example weberian modeling (today called...
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