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Studies on the dielectric relaxation currents in the non-morphotropic region of PZT-PFS are presented. Transient polarization and depolarization currents were measured at different poling fields (0.02–20 kV/cm) and different temperatures (77–473 K). The activation energies were calculated. The defect dipole complex (FeTiZr–VÖ) and reorientation cluster dipole models are proposed to explain the observed...
Architecture as an artform is an expression of countless emotions, perceptions and feelings. I t creates an image of a real form and space, which we, the recipients may not only admire, but also use. Through exposing the effects of play with shape, light, colour and detail, architecture draws on the achievements of new technologies that offer increasing opportunities to create architectural shape,...
Architectural design takes place in a certain cultural space. I f the space is not expressive enough for the artist, observer or passer-by, architects create their individual worlds where original artworks shaping space appear. And the audience accepts it with understanding.
It is commonly known that the thermal modernization of existing buildings reduces the energy requirements for heating. In the last twenty years many large panel blocks of flats built in the sixties and seventies have been insulated. In one example of an 11-storey building the heating energy demand before and after thermal modernization was analyzed. The transmission heat losses before and after thermal...
The paper presents an attempt at assessing the impact of how the type of construction of a building influences the thermal comfort of office rooms with a large area of glazing, in summer months. The results of simulations are presented for a two-storey office building. The calculations were carried out in the Design Builder program. Simulations were carried out for the climate in Poland, which allowed...
Requirements connected with the designing of low-energy and passive buildings impose an obligation to conduct airtightness tests during the building process and after the completion of building works. Proper building preparation is required before initiating an airtightness test. In case of commercial buildings with complicated HVAC systems, the proper preparation may appear to be very complicated...
This paper describes the phenomenon of mould growth on the inner surface of partition walls of multi-block constructed residential buildings. An assessment was undertaken of the impact of the resulting damage, in terms of health and safety of residential premises.
The Double Skin House concept presents an attempt at using a building’s opaque double façade as a buffer zone. Due to more stable temperatures, these unconditioned areas around the building reduce heat losses during the heating season and present better overheating protection in the summer. In this concept the exterior skin protects building from the weather conditions and the interior skin gives...
The paper presents results of experimental studies on components containing phase change materials. The subject of research was the simultaneous usage of two different PC materials: gypsum-carton boards with paraffin capsules of change temperature 23ºC and a board with a melting temperature of 26ºC. The tests were carried out in a climatic chamber for a light skeleton wall lined with inner facing...
Railway transport capacities all over the world have been growing, a phenomenon which is accompanied by the requirement to increase axle loads of freight rolling stock. Apart from new wheel designs for higher axle loads, the requirements of their safety and reliability have also been growing, since these wheels are often used in extreme climactic conditions. Cruising speeds of passenger trains been...
This paper presents the results of simulations of vane pump static characteristics with a fuzzy controller. The controller was designed for controlling the flow rate of the vane pump. The results confirm, that the control quality is slightly better than with the PID controller, especially at low loads and rapid changes of the system load.
The aim of this paper is the presentation of the method for thermal conductivity measurement and numerical modeling of temperature distribution in apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity. Experimental studies will be carried out in transient state until the steady state heat conduction in apparatus is achieved. The calculated and measured temperature distribution will be compared. The time...
Applications of dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators are presented in this paper. Dielectric elastomers (a type of electroactive polymer) are one the most promising smart materials. They consist of two flexible electrodes and a dielectric film between them. After applying voltage (3–5 kV) to the electrodes, the thickness of the polymer layer lowers. Changes of the thickness can be indirectly measured...
The paper deals with the speed up of a computer program, which simulates rolling of steel with semi-solid zone. The mathematical models describing the rolling process are fully three dimensional. It leads to very long computation time while the discretization of the problem is made in finite element manner. The main objectives of the contribution are optimization of the program code, as well as making...
One of the main weaknesses in the Laboratory of Distributed Control Systems at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow was students’ knowledge about connecting peripheral devices to industrial computers known also as PLCs. After participating in PLC laboratory course students were able to create advanced programs, control complicated mechatronic systems but they could not assemble even...
This paper presents a methodology to increase performance of the kinematics simulation process of heavy machinery equipment system. The proposed method is based on parallelization of calculations performed in a single simulation step. Parallelization is achieved by building application based on the OpenCL framework that allows to perform the necessary mathematical calculations using a graphics card...
In the paper an analysis and investigation of round metal sheet sharing force and crown cork drawing force are presented. Experimental test stand was created in order to perform analysis on sharing and drawing forces for several metal sheet thicknesses. Obtained results are sufficient for comparison of acting forces for different metal sheet thicknesses and hardness during cutting process.
Rising costs of energy have caused the building envelope in the living sector to become tighter to improve energy efficiency. This raises questions about the quality of the indoor air as in traditional housing fresh air is supplied not only by ventilation system by also by infiltration through cracks in the building envelope. If a building is not properly ventilated, contaminants could accumulate...
The paper presents an analysis of the influence of various window types on the thermal performance of a multi-family building. In the analysis several different fenestration system configurations were considered. For these systems, heating and cooling demand of the building was estimated according to the simple hourly method proposed in ISO 13790. The results were used to compare, both the overall...
Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out in the passive house in Boruszowice for several years. The building foundation interface consists of a 25 cm reinforced concrete slab situated on a 40 cm layer of Styrofoam. The analysis of experimental results as well as theoretical calculations made it possible to determine the thermal performance of the applied slab on grade with floor...
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