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The concept of National Innovation System (NIS) is explored from the perspective of its propensity for formalization. It is observed that there are problems with formalization (measurement) of NIS and consequently, deficiency in assessment of efficiency of pro-innovative ventures. Based on an overview of the literature, subsystems of NIS are identified and the leading topics within these subsystems...
The article presents results of empirical research concerning the directions of changes in organizational structures of SME which have occurred during the last few years. The research was carried out in a group of 380 enterprises running their businesses in Poland. The organizational structure generally described in respect of parameters such as centralization, formalization, standardization and configuration...
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