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This paper introduces a multi-satellite approach to passive microwave interferometric radiometry applied to geostationary atmospheric sounding at 53 GHz. The concept applies satellite formation flight to the currently operational interferometric techniques to extend the achievable microwave aperture sizes, leading to unprecedented spatial resolution for microwave radiometers. The presented configurations...
One of the objectives of CLARREO Pathfinder mission is to demonstrate on-orbit data matching for sensor inter-calibration The CLARREO Pathfinder approach for reference inter-calibration is based on measuring spectral reflectance with high accuracy and establishing an on-orbit reference for operating Earth viewing sensors: CERES and VIIRS on JPSS. The mission goal is to be able to provide CLARREO reference...
The Earth is arguably the most complex object in the solar system, both in terms of the diversity of materials and compounds as well as the diversity of processes occurring in the Earth system. Comprehensive global measurements are required to investigate, understand and model this complex system that includes processes within and between the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere...
The SMOS mission is a joint program led by ESA with participation of CNES in France and CDTI in Spain. SMOS satellite carries a single payload on board, MIRAS, a Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis. The satellite has been in-orbit for over 7 years, providing for the first time and for this entire time, the longest record of space-sensed soil moisture and ocean salinity measurement...
Rice is one of the most important crop, especially in Asian countries. In this paper, estimation of rice paddy height is conducted by Pol-InSAR technique, using a single-polarization TanDEM-X (TDX) data. It is necessary to modify a conventional Pol-InSAR inversion method for the single polarization because of the underdetermined problem in Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model. In order to resolve...
The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation (32 satellites) as the active source in a bi-static radar configuration, with CYGNSS acting as the passive radar receiver. A knowledge of Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP), based on transmit power and antenna pattern of GPS satellites, is of great importance in the accurate calibration...
The Tropical Rainfall Measurements Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), has served as the radiometric transfer standard for the TRMM constellation radiometers for over 17 years. The final legacy processing for the TMI is in progress for the TMI 1B11 Tb Version-8 (V8), which will be released in late 2017. This paper presents a radiometric evaluation of the Tb differences between the current TMI Version-7...
Radio frequency interference (RFI) can corrupt passive remote sensing measurements taken with microwave radiometers. With the increasingly utilized spectrum and the push for larger bandwidth radiometers, the likelihood of RFI contamination has grown significantly. In this work, an eigenvalue-based algorithm is developed to detect the presence of RFI and provide estimates of RFI-free radiation levels...
Snow water equivalent (SWE) storage is critical parameters of the water cycle and may be important indicators of climate change. Despite their importance in the seasonal and regional terrestrial water cycle, SWE is currently poorly characterized in space and time. We develop a method for observations of these parameters using P-band signals of opportunity (SoOp) concept to measure the SWE. Effect...
There is a clear and urgent need to quantify seasonally varying snow water equivalent and albedo. In this study, the snow bidirectional distribution function (BRDF) from NASA Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) will be used to analyze the impact of forests on snow albedo based on measurements from SnowEx field campaign in western Colorado over Grand Mesa and Senator Beck. Seasonal snow cover is the...
We present Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) measurements in support of the fist NASA SnowEx field campaign. The fall 2016 campaign collected snow-free data using multiple in-situ and remote sensing platforms at two distinctly different sites in western Colorado: Grand Mesa (flat, high, partially forested plateau), and Senator Beck Basin (steep, complex sub-alpine and alpine mountain terrain). The ASO...
This paper presents the development of a new commercial floating lidar system aimed to measure the wind resource and other environmental variables at candidate wind farm locations. This work describes this new lidar system along with the pilot validation trial (IJmuiden, North Sea) carried out. The two main algorithms developed to correct and qualify wind data to fulfill Key Performance Indicators...
To evaluate the performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) Lite File Product (Lite_FP) which has the highest amount of data and the highest utilization efficiency among the three products of OCO-2, we compared global atmospheric CO2 observations for 20 months (September 2014 to April 2016) with GGG2014 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We considered the latitude...
Because of the large variety of sensors and spacecraft collecting data, planetary science needs to integrate various multisensor and multitemporal images. These multiple data represent a precious asset, as they allow the study of target spectral responses and of changes in the surface structure. Because of their variety, they also require accurate and robust registration. A new crater detection algorithm,...
For many applications, accurate and fast image registration of large amounts of multi-source data is the first necessary step before subsequent processing and integration. Image registration is defined by several steps and each step can be approached by various methods which all present diverse advantages and drawbacks depending on the type of data, the type of applications, the a priori information...
The NASA Earth Venture Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a constellation of eight microsatellite observatories that was launched into a low (35°) inclination, low Earth orbit on 15 December 2016. Each observatory carries a 4-channel GNSS-R bistatic radar receiver. The radars are tuned to receive the L1 signals transmitted by GPS satellites, from which near-surface ocean wind speed...
The cyclone global navigation satellite system (CYGNSS), launched on December 15, 2016, represents the first dedicated GNSS-R satellite mission specifically designed to retrieve ocean surface wind speeds in the Tropical Cyclone (TC) environment [3], [4]. CYGNSS will use a constellation of eight microsatellite observatories that can receive both the direct and reflected signals from GNSS. These observatories...
The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission uses a constellation of 8 satellites to measure ocean winds in the tropics with high temporal resolution (∼3 hr median, 7 hr mean revisit). Focusing on the measurement of winds in tropical cyclones, each satellite contains a Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) receiver capable of measuring reflections from 4 Global...
Coastal altimetry plays a prominent role in measuring the total water-level envelope directly, and is one of the key measurements required by storm surge applications and services. It can also provide important information about the wave field, leading to development of more realistic wave models and therefore improving forecasts of wave setup and overtopping processes. Satellite altimeters have a...
Water is essential to our planet Earth. Knowing when, where and how precipitation falls is crucial for understanding the linkages between the Earth's water and energy cycles and is extraordinarily important for sustaining life on our planet during climate change. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory spacecraft launched February 27, 2014, is the anchor to the GPM international...
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