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In this paper we present a combined strategy for the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from infrared sounders. The approach considers the spatial information and a noise-dependent dimensionality reduction approach. The extracted features are fed into a canonical linear regression. We compare Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) for dimensionality reduction, and study...
Aiming to simulate a heavy rainfall process with higher spatiotemporal resolution over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was adopted with a nested domain setting the spatial resolutions as 15km and 5km, respectively. TRMM 3B42 estimates and meteorological station observations were collected to evaluate the WRF simulation performance on precipitation in...
A mesoscale modeling investigation of tropical cyclone/hurricane forecast over the Gulf of Mexico has been established under the NASA/HBCU Renewable Energy and Technology Project to adopt the numerical weather prediction model for possible use in regions where solar equipment will be used. Accurate and reliable forecasting is crucial in regions that have limited resources where renewable solar energy...
Companion SAR missions offer a cost-effective solution to enhance the added value of existing SAR satellites. In particular, they offer new possibilities to extend the observation space and provide one or several single-pass interferometric channels for the acquisitions. The paper aims to provide a description of an end-to-end performance simulation for companion SAR missions, including the evaluation...
The launches of the US Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on November 19, 2016 and the Japanese Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on October 7, 2014 represented a new era of geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) imagers. Both ABI and AHI provide many more channels than any other already launched GOES imagers in the world. In this study, we compare the impacts of assimilating all ABI and/or...
The utilization of a machine learning algorithm-based (i.e., support vector machine [SVM]) model as the observation operator within a one-dimensional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) framework for the purpose of improving snow estimates across regional-scales is explored. The multifrequency, multipolarization framework employs an SVM to predict brightness temperature spectral difference (i.e., ΔTb) between...
The spatial and temporal distribution of ROS across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) remains poorly understood owing to their sporadic nature in time and space. In this study, we highlight the distribution and evolution of ROS occurrences inventoried since 1984 at 14 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) weather stations in the CAA. We introduce an adaptation of the detection algorithm...
This paper discusses the evaluation of a state-of-the-art Ka-band (35.7GHz) single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) for snow-depth mapping during the NASA SnowEx experiment. The use of InSAR for this application presents a new approach and potential alternate technology to lidar with the advantage of wide-swath operation that is not hampered by cloud cover. We discuss the plans...
Satellite-based estimates of whitecap fraction W provide consistent global, long-term data useful to quantify air-sea processes. Our first algorithm providing satellite-based W data uses passive microwave observations from WindSat at low spatial resolution, early version of the WindSat geophysical model function (GMF) for surface emissivity and the atmosphere, and input variables from various sources...
This study used MODIS 3 KM Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products, ground-level PM2.5 measurements in Beijing and the Public Health knowledge to estimate the number of death attributed to the long-term exposure to a harmful level of PM2.5 concentrations. The study results demonstrated that 2015 population-weighted averaged PM2.5 in Beijing was 70.46 μg/m3, 369.73% exceeding the China's yearly standard...
This paper introduces a variational method for destriping data acquired by pushbroom-type satellite imaging systems. The model leverages sparsity in signals and is based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing. It is based on the basic principles of regularization and data fidelity with certain constraints using modern methods in variational optimization — namely total variation...
The accurate assessment of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid coastal waters by means of remote sensing is quite challenging. In this study, a semi-analytical approach is used to analyze the mathematical relationship between chlorophyll-a concentration and remote sensing reflectance. Through evaluation by field measurements, it is shown that our model produces 31.4% uncertainty in quantifying chlorophyll-a...
A new multilayer IST-albedo Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product of Greenland was developed to meet the needs of the ice sheet modeling community. The multiple layers of the product enable the relationship between IST and albedo to be evaluated easily. Surface temperature is a fundamental input for dynamical ice sheet models because it is a component of the ice sheet radiation...
The geometrical characteristic and low-level manually designed features are usually used to detect airports in optical remote sensing images. But it is insufficient to describe airport in low resolution and illumination environment. This paper presents a hard example mining algorithm to train the end-to-end deep convolutional neural network for airport detection in complex situation. Compared with...
The Calaveras fault passes directly through Coyote Dam located near Gilroy, California. The earthen structure of the dam was constructed to withstand the expected deformation due to fault creep at a rate of 10 to 15 mm/year. As part of a possible dam retrofit, the Santa Clara Valley Water District initiated a series of measurements using a Ku-Band terrestrial interferometer to accurately localize...
This work introduces a cloud shadow removal method for hyperspectral images (HSIs) based on hyperspectral unmixing. The shading is modeled by a spectral offset and a spectral-dependent attenuation. The offset and the attenuation are estimated by solving a nonconvex optimization problem, which exploits the linear mixing model (LMM). The mixing matrix of the LMM is estimated from the unshadowed image...
An accurate geophysical model is required to support calibration of a microwave imaging radiometer and retrieval of geophysical parameters. WindSat is a passive microwave imaging radiometer aboard the Coriolis satellite which was launched in January 2003. WindSat observations include dual-polarized antenna temperatures in two frequency bands (6.8 GHz and 23.8 GHz) and fully polarimetric antenna temperatures...
The Tropical Rainfall Measurements Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), has served as the radiometric transfer standard for the TRMM constellation radiometers for over 17 years. The final legacy processing for the TMI is in progress for the TMI 1B11 Tb Version-8 (V8), which will be released in late 2017. This paper presents a radiometric evaluation of the Tb differences between the current TMI Version-7...
This paper examines the potential impacts of remote sensing, hyperspectral target detection from a physics-based modeling point of view. Often (atmospherically compensated) data is simply handed off to algorithm developers with the assumption that the data they are given accurately represents what transpired at the time of collection. In this paper, we discuss the various steps involved in processing...
A polarimetric scattering model for inhomogenenous layer with vertical profile is applied to analyze backscattering from soil layer at L-band. The soil layer is modeled as discrete random medium with water content that varies with depth and bounded by randomly rough surfaces. The soil is modeled as air voids embedded in host medium consisting of a mixture of solid minerals and water. The air-soil...
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