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Special laser applications ranging from laser material processing, especially micromachining, to medical applications, metrology and spectroscopy demand transform limited ps pulses, often synchronized with a fs source [1]. Here, we present spectral compression of fs pulses inside a regenerative Yb:YAG laser amplifier [2] generated by a mode-locked Yb:KGW oscillator (see Fig. 1a). For spectral shaping...
The rising demand in ultrafast radiation sources has boosted the search for high power and high stability mode-locked fiber lasers, particularly at telecom wavelengths. In this work, we demonstrate the first ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser relying on InN as saturable absorber, centered at 1.5μm. The saturable absorber consists of a 1-μm-thick InN grown on a GaN-on-sapphire template deposited by...
Nonlinear Polarization Evolution (NPE) — a passive mode-locking technique — is successfully used in many all-fiber ultrafast oscillators. It is based on a temporal filtration of the pulse polarization state affected by a self-action due to the instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. To work properly, most of NPE based architectures of fiber lasers contain pieces of standard optical fibers or bulk optical...
In the last few years several experimental and numerical results have been reported on the emergence of extreme events and instabilities in different laser configurations such as Raman fiber lasers, optically injected semiconductor lasers, laser diodes with optical feedback and mode-locked lasers [1-4]. Rogue events can however be expected in some of these systems due to the complex noise-driven processes...
Nonlinear optical frequency conversion in plasmonics has attracted immense research attention recently. Through various device geometries, harmonic generations of various orders have been reported. However, in these demonstrations, the near-field effect utilized has been limited to localized surface plasmons. It was not until last year that nonlinear frequency conversion utilizing propagating surface...
Mechanisms of rogue waves (RWs) emergence have been extensively studied in fiber lasers with nonlinearly driven cavities [1], Raman fiber amplifiers and lasers [2], and fiber lasers via modulation of the pump [3]. Previously, it has been found that RWs can be emerged because of soliton-soliton interaction through the overlapping of their tails or soliton-dispersive wave interaction. The result of...
Compact pulsed laser sources are of interest for diverse application areas. Due to their broad gain bandwidth, high Stokes efficiency and low thermal load near the 1 μm spectral region, ytterbium doped laser materials are promising for such devices. Channel waveguides in such gain media provide compact laser systems and deliver efficient single-mode laser operation with low laser thresholds. One of...
In 1997, Yoshida et al. inserted a Fabry-Perot filter in a modulation instability fiber laser cavity [1], the free spectral range (FSR) of the Fabry-Perot fixed the RF to 115 GHz; however the pulsed laser was poorly stable. Since then, lasers of increasing performance have been demonstrated using variants of this method. In 2012, Peccianti et al. demonstrated the first fiber laser harmonically mode-locked...
The possibility of using light bullets (LBs), i.e. pulses simultaneously confined in the transverse and the propagation directions, has attracted a lot of interest in the last twenty years, both for fundamental and practical reasons.
Fibre lasers are known to provide a rich tapestry of operational regimes, which can be attributed to the nonlinear nature of light dynamics in optical fibre at high powers, and the multidimensional system parameter space. Given their inherent complexity, identifying and discerning the underlying physical processes that gives rise to them still remains a formidable challenge. Here, for the first time...
Femtosecond mode-locked fiber lasers have been actively employed in many practical applications such as micro-machining, corneal surgery and multi-photon imaging, thanks to their compactness, alignment-free operation, and low cost. To enhance the long-term stability and self-starting operation of mode-locked lasers, saturable absorber (SA) devices, such as semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors...
We demonstrate that a novel family of miniaturized deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal cells that has recently been developed in the context of distributed optical sensing networks can also be used to realize fully monolithic, actively Q-switched waveguide lasers as well as actively mode-locked all-fiber lasers. Those cells enable the development of pulsed laser sources with the same level...
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar semiconductor devices emitting in the mid-and far-infrared spectral ranges. Due to their relatively narrow linewidths and short gain recovery times, these lasers have been deemed difficult, if not impossible, to passively mode lock (PML) [1, 2]. However, the successful mode locking of QCLs is of utmost importance as it could allow generation of ultrashort...
Tm-doped fiber lasers, operating in the 2 μm eye-safe region (the absorbable band of human tissues) [1], have potential applications in molecular spectroscopy and medicine [1], where tuning the laser operating wavelength is highly desirable [1]. Tunable multiwavelength mode-locked fiber lasers have been widely reported in the 1 and 1.5 μm regions [2, 3]. Ref. [4] studied the tunability of switchable...
Femtosecond 1 μm lasers are widely used in numerous scientific and industrial applications [1, 2]. Such oscillators are intensively developed and ultrafast sub-100 fs operation has been already demonstrated in several ytterbium-doped active media. One of the most interesting among them and relatively shortly investigated is Yb:CaF2. This is a simple cubic crystal, with very broadband emission spectrum...
Harmonic mode-locking of a solid-state bulk laser combines the benefits of long resonators with large pulse energy and high repetition rates. With this technique it is possible to operate a system at different repetition rates without changing the optical setup. The signal to noise ratio of a fundamentally mode-locked oscillator is typically much better than in harmonic operation [1]. In this contribution...
Laser operation of Nd+3-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (Nd:GSGG) has been first shown by Kaminskii et al. in 1976 [1]. In earlier studies, flaslamp or solar pumping of Nd:GSGG has been explored, and narrow absorption bands of the Nd+3 ion, that overlaps poorly with these broadband emitters resulted in low laser efficiencies. As a solution, co-doping with chromium ion (Cr:Nd:GSGG) has been...
Lasers emitting around 2 μm (eye-safe spectral range) are of practical importance for remote sensing, spectroscopy and medicine. Such emission is typically achieved from Tm3+ (3F4 →3H6 transition) and Ho3+ ions (5I7 → 5I8 transition). The search for appropriate saturable absorbers (SAs) for passive Q-switching (PQS) of ∼2 μm lasers is still ongoing. While “slow” SAs, e.g. Cr2+:ZnS, are well-established,...
Three years after the first realization [1] of the vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), passive mode locking by inserting a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) into the cavity was presented [2]. Besides the advantageous properties in continuous wave operation such as a near-diffraction limited beam profile and the possibility of bandgap engineering, SESAM mode-locked...
Mode-locked lasers are a paramount example of dissipative nonlinear systems that support bound-states of multiple sohtons [1, 2]. However, rapid dynamic interactions between sohton complexes with pico-to femtosecond separation are mostly inaccessible to standard laser characterization techniques, including scanning interferometric autocorrelation, temporally-averaging spectroscopy or single-shot measurements...
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