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In a biaxial biréfringent crystal there are two directions at which the refractive index surfaces intersect, leading to the phenomenon of conical refraction [1]. These conical intersections are analogs of Dirac points, and are generically present in non-chiral optical materials. One of the most interesting aspects of Dirac points is that they carry an associated topological charge. As such the propagation...
When an optical fibre crosses a magnetic field, a Faraday effect is generated, which perturbs the optical propagation, causing a modulation of the state of polarization (SOP) of the optical signal along the fibre [1]. This well known effect is often used to develop optical fibre current sensors. Yet, in optical communications systems relying on polarization sensitive elements (e.g. coherent detectors,...
We report on a novel phenomenon: an intense circularly polarized infrared laser pulse induces a transient chirality in an achiral transparent dielectric. In contrast to the well-known optical Faraday effect in atomic vapours [1], this effect occurs far from resonant transitions — we consider the case where a uniaxial dielectric crystal (sapphire) is transparent to light. We show how the build-up and...
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