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It was shown that the spectral width of a nominally continuous wave Raman fiber laser (RFL) output becomes narrower after propagation in normal dispersion (β2>0) fiber [1]. This feature, attributed to Inverse Four-Wave Mixing (IFWM), was especially pronounced when the RFL output had a double-peak spectral shape caused by efficient FWM inside the cavity [2]. This spectrum was transformed into a...
Mechanisms of rogue waves (RWs) emergence have been extensively studied in fiber lasers with nonlinearly driven cavities [1], Raman fiber amplifiers and lasers [2], and fiber lasers via modulation of the pump [3]. Previously, it has been found that RWs can be emerged because of soliton-soliton interaction through the overlapping of their tails or soliton-dispersive wave interaction. The result of...
Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) are treated as perspective laser sources in spectral bands which are not available from rare-earth (RE) doped fiber lasers. Raman lasing can be easily obtained from 1.1 to 2 μm in single-mode fibers that are core-pumped by RE-doped fiber lasers generating single transverse mode. However, the RFL generation below 1, Mm is difficult because of a lack of suitable high-power...
High power linearly polarized narrow linewidth light source above the wavelength of 1600 nm are very attractive for several applications such as pump source for Cr:ZnS[1], Tm:Re2O3 (Re=Sc. Lu or Y) or nonlinear frequency conversion. Er (or Er:Yb)fibers are most popular gain media around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, though, there are few reports of Er fiber lasers above 1600 nm satisfying aforementioned...
Hollow optical fibres offer a unique photonic platform by confining light in a void which may be filled with a vacuum or a gas at low or high pressure. The lack of substantial overlap of the light with the solid parts of the fibre surrounding the hollow core also increases the fibre damage threshold and reduces the attenuation in regions where the glass is absorbing strongly. For the current generation...
Femtosecond 1 μm lasers are widely used in numerous scientific and industrial applications [1, 2]. Such oscillators are intensively developed and ultrafast sub-100 fs operation has been already demonstrated in several ytterbium-doped active media. One of the most interesting among them and relatively shortly investigated is Yb:CaF2. This is a simple cubic crystal, with very broadband emission spectrum...
Lasers emitting around 2 μm (eye-safe spectral range) are of practical importance for remote sensing, spectroscopy and medicine. Such emission is typically achieved from Tm3+ (3F4 →3H6 transition) and Ho3+ ions (5I7 → 5I8 transition). The search for appropriate saturable absorbers (SAs) for passive Q-switching (PQS) of ∼2 μm lasers is still ongoing. While “slow” SAs, e.g. Cr2+:ZnS, are well-established,...
Mode-locked fiber lasers emitting in the wavelength range beyond 2 μm [1] are promising for a number of applications including environmental sensing, material processing, medicine etc. Mode-locked holmium fiber lasers tend to operate below 2.1 μm wavelength. For some applications it is important to shift the laser wavelength further to the infrared. Previous demonstration of a 2107-nm mode-locked...
Passively Q-switched microchip lasers are very attractive for various applications because of their sub-nanosecond pulse width, simple and rugged construction and low-cost [1]. We have earlier reported the design of Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched microchip lasers for efficient wavelength conversion from the second to the ninth harmonic [2]. These lasers are useful for spectroscopy, LIDAR, LIBS,...
It is well known that degradation of an information signal during its propagation along the optical fiber communication link affects the achievable bit rate. In practice, any real transmission link introduces signal distortions that can be either recoverable (e.g., dispersive broadening) or not fully removable (e.g., noise). The sources of such unremovable distortions leading to loss of information...
Relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer from the pump to the signal is one of the most limiting factors in the deployment of Raman distributed amplification in modern telecommunication systems [1]. Due to the unavailability of low-RIN, high-power semiconductor pumps, fibre lasers are typically used to efficiently pump ultralong cavity Raman fibre lasers (URFL) and random distributed feedback (rDFB)...
High-order Raman amplification using ultra-long Raman fiber lasers (URFLs) has proven to be a promising solution for future long-haul and unrepeatered communication links, combining a simple design with low signal power variation (SPV) and superior optical signal to noise ratios (OSNRs) [1]. Unfortunately, the ultimate performance of URFL amplifiers, where symmetric pumping leads to the lowest SPV...
Pulsed fiber laser operating at 2000 nm is of great interest in applications such as LIDAR system using very low atmospheric absorption bands, material processing for transparent plastics, etc. Thulium- and holmium-doped silicate glass fibers have been the best choice as a gain medium for the fiber lasers. In particular, a holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) has drawn much attention because it opened...
Fiber lasers operating at 2μm wavelength range have great potential in applications like coherent LIDAR [1] and remote sensing [2]. In particular, the 2.09∼2.1μm range exhibits low atmosphere attenuation [1]. The 2μm region could also be a new window for optical communication in hollow core fibers [3], where narrow linewidth and linearly polarized light is preferred. Efficient 2μm range lasing has...
Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers (YDFLs) operating at 1018nm have attracted much interest in recent years due to its application as a high brightness, low quantum defect pump source for multi-kilowatt fiber lasers. In addition to the main challenge of suppressing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) occurring around 1030nm–1040nm as reported by various groups [1, 2], we find that accounting for the thermal...
A new way to reach the Lamb-Dicke regime in molecular gases has been reported in [1]. This is achieved by trapping H2 molecule during Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in a photonic band gap hollow-core fiber (PBG HC-PCF) pumped with a high power CW laser [1]. The molecular trapping process occurs in a self-assembled manner, whereby the Raman active molecules are confined in nanometer-wide sections...
The possibility of single-frequency oscillation of a distributed feedback (DFB) Raman fibre laser at modest pump powers was first predicted in Ref. 1, for a 1-m cavity, where it was shown that very strong intensity build-up of the Raman Stokes is expected near the discrete phase shift of the DFB grating. More recently, Raman DFB fibre laser oscillation has been observed [2, 3, 4] in relatively short...
It is known that an acoustic/elastic wave propagating along an optical fiber has the capability to produce coupling between optical fiber modes. A variety of all-fiber, dynamic, and reconfigurable components based on this effect has been demonstrated over the last decades [1]. In the last years, acousto-optic (AO) interaction has been proved to be a powerful and highly sensitive method for the characterization...
Nowadays, the wide expansion of information technologies requires drastic increase the capabilities of fiber optic communication lines. One of the ways for solution of this problem is the development of 1200–1350 nm spectral range, so called, second telecommunication window, in which silica fiber has close-to-zero chromatic dispersion. Tetravalent chromium doped forsterite Cr4+:Mg2SiO4 (C-F) based...
High energy sources operating around 2 μm are of interest in applications such as LIDAR and material processing and have also been used effectively as pump sources for high-energy mid-lR non-linear conversion, an established approach for generating mid-IR lasers. Commonly used bulk laser materials are Ho:YLF and Ho:YAG. However, at room temperature the quasi-three-level nature of these materials is...
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