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The errors, due to stair-cased meshing, in the Shielding Effectiveness (SE) of cavities modelled with thin boundaries, in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, are examined. The errors in SE are found to be associated with the error in the surface area of the cavity caused by the use of a stair-cased mesh. An empirical solution is demonstrated, which improves the stair-cased model accuracy...
This paper focuses on power amplifiers linearization based on adaptive predistortion and their susceptibility to IEMI. The method gives very good results in simulation and on a test bench. The idea here is to illuminate the power amplifier with an intentional electromagnetic interference while its model coefficients are being processed. This leads to an erroneous model inference and therefore a poor...
Flexible printed circuits (FPCs) are already widely used to connect printed circuit boards in compact systems such as smartphones, tablets and laptops, where weight and space are at a premium. The latter are also increasingly important issues in the automotive industry, suggesting that flexible printed interconnects could also offer advantages in vehicle applications. This paper therefore discusses...
Power electronic components such as busbars, capacitors, and inductors are positioned close to each other when designing a high power density converter. Therefore, the internal near field couplings between these components should be considered when designing a low electromagnetic interference (EMI) converter. In this paper, we propose a new frequency domain model for simulation of EMI in power electronic...
A worst-case model of spurious resonances which can occur in electromagnetic system consisting of an antenna, cable and transmitter output filter (or receiver input filter) is proposed. These resonances may cause significant increase in power of spurious emissions for transmitting equipment and the decrease in out-of-band radiated susceptibility levels for receiving equipment. Three amplitude-frequency...
This paper presents the results of a test campaign meant to determine coupling paths into a laboratory test setup of typical power grid substation SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) electronics. The devices were tested against conducted threats in a bulk current injection (BCI) setup and radiated threats inside a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide as well as with a near-field...
Modern electronic systems with a high degree of interconnectivity are prone to intentional and unintentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI/EMI). Therefore, emission and immunity measurements of all parts of a system are essential in order to prevent system failures or even breakdowns. Some of these IEMI measurements, especially the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) immunity tests are...
Due to the powertrain electrification in electric- and hybrid vehicles enormous challenges arise considering the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the vehicles. The power electronic components used produce high broadband interferences possibly affecting vehicle components located in the 12V system. In order to meet these challenges the traction system is built up thoroughly shielded and isolated...
An effective technique for reducing electromagnetic interference within enclosures hosting microwave circuits is based on an artificial Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC) surface. This fictitious surface can be obtained by accordingly placing metallic pins on a regular pattern covering the enclosure lid. Previously published papers developed simple analytical expressions to predict the band-gap limits...
The shielding performance of a metallic building located close to a telecommunication tower hit by lightning is investigated. Two models of lightning strike are adopted for the shielding analysis. The first model includes the current distribution along the lightning channel while the second model is a surge current injected into the top of tower only. For each model the performance is evaluated both...
A Model dedicated to EMI prediction in a DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The model is analytical to be used by a deterministic optimization algorithm. This model not only predicts EMI but also thermal effects of the converter. Numerical and experimental validation of the model are performed regarding EMC aspects and perspectives for the final optimization purpose are presented.
This paper describes the results of a Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the statistical uncertainty of emission measurements in the scope of electromagnetic compatibility in a reverberation chamber. Such a measurement can be performed based on the average or maximum received power at the reference antenna. Depending on whether value is measured, different parameters as the chamber validation factor...
Cross-correlation analysis of the cyclostationary near-field unintentional radiations from the printed circuit boards (PCB) can be used for the localization of the transmission line paths transferring the deliberately programmed pseudorandom sequences. The unintentional radiations are formed by induced surface currents on the surface of the PCB and can be measured by the near-field magnetic probes...
This paper presents a calibration method allowing to quantify the quality of the electromagnetic field generated in a reverberation chamber. The method requires only to measure the reflection coefficient of an antenna (i.e. S11) for different stirring conditions (i.e. different positions of a mode stirrer for a mechanically stirred chamber). The proposed method requiring a simple measurement setup...
A novel algorithm for the iterative geometric optimization of EMI filters is presented. The two step approach of an equivalent electric circuit extraction, followed by a sensitivity analysis in the circuit as well as the 3D model domain drives the shape optimization. This allows for a deeper insight into coupling paths and their cause in the model, and their effect in the circuit domain. The concept...
Undesired EM radiation generated by wired systems using a PLC transmission, for example, can be a source of EM pollution and bring an annoying problem of electromagnetic compatibility. The evaluation of these near-field radiation is therefore of interest. In this paper, we propose a simplified approach of electromagnetic fields in order to adequately estimate the EM radiation emitted by the wired...
This paper presents 3D electromagnetic modelling of surface mount (SM) capacitors and the mutual couplings between them. 3D electromagnetic modelling software CST MWS is used for this purpose. Various SM multi-layer ceramic capacitor models are proposed and modelled. The modelling results are then verified experimentally. Comparison of the modelling and experimental results in terms of transmission...
This paper presents an entirely analytical formula to determine the electromagnetic field inside a lossy rectangular box containing apertures on its front face. On the basis of circuit model theory we derived an extremely fast technique to include conductor losses into the model. A surface impedance boundary condition is introduced to deal with lossy conductive walls of the cavity. The model takes...
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursor instruments such as MeerKAT are new generation radio telescopes whose high sensitivity increases their susceptibility to radio frequency interference (RFI). Efforts in South Africa thus continue to be centred around preserving the electromagnetic (EM) quietness of the MeerKAT site. An understanding of the EM characteristics of the site can be gained...
To date, remote metering devices (electricity, gas, water and heat) operating in the 800 MHz band (862–869 MHz) are used either by IoT providers or by metering service providers to determine the energy etc. consumption in private houses from the outside without the need to enter the building. Meters can be integrating as simple LoRaWAN device transmitters connected to a central database by base stations...
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