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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were elaborated at room temperature on ITO and Mo coated glass substrates using electrodeposition route, followed by a sulfurization treatment. We investigated the effect of the substrates on crystallographic structure, morphology, composition and optical properties of electrodeposited CZTS thin films. X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis showed that the deposited films...
This paper introduces a maximum power point method (MPPT) based on an artificial neural network (ANN) and a scanning algorithm. The proposed MPPT is applied to pumping system. The system is composed of solar generator, boost converter and centrifugal pump load driven by a DC motor. A complete simulation of the system is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK under different weather conditions. The results obtained...
Successful simple preparation of nanocrystalline SnO2 films was performed by the Sol-Gel spin coating method in an alcoholic medium without any complexing agent. The precursor concentration effect on structural, optical and electrical properties was examined. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization shows the formation of single tetragonal rutile phase with (110) plan as preferential orientation...
Cd1−xZnxS films suitable for solar cell photovoltaic applications have been deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on to indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. An aqueous solution containing cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and thiourea were used as sources of Cd+2, Zn+2, and S−2, respectively. Triethenolamine was used as complexing agent to control the Cd+2 and Zn+2 ions concentrations...
MacsimJX is an interface that enables communication between Simulink and a Multi Agent System (MAS) created by Jade. The need to develop MacsimJX is to ensure stability to liaise S-functions of Simulink by a multi-threaded program like the example of MAS, where each agent represents a thread. MAS is widely used in several fields, but its sampled feature makes the control of dynamics systems with continuous...
In this experimental study two solar technologies concentration and the flat plate collector were combined in one solar air heater with a Linear Fresnel Reflector (SAHLFR). A rectangular useful duct with 2.32 [m] length and 0.2 [m] width is equipped with and without artificial roughness. This roughness has wrought of steel galvanized 0.4 [mm] thickness to create a turbulent flow of air and ensure...
By ultrasonic spray, we have deposited CZTS films on Mo coated substrates. A sulfurization treatment was systematically performed under Argon atmosphere at 500 °C for one hour. Copper content effect of CZTS thin films of about 1 µm was studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical transmittance measurements. The films exhibited the kesterite structure despite the appearance of some...
This paper presents new experimental results on the effect of soiling and its impact on the energy productivity of photovoltaic systems. Based on effective measurements, the soiling rate of photovoltaic modules has been determined and correlated with the rainfall and power generated for the same period. The experimental approach detailed in the paper aims at elaborating an efficient soiling measurement...
In this work we present a detailed description of a 6 kWp photovoltaic power plant installed in the roof of the Faculty of Science and Technology Beni Mellal (Center of Morocco). This plant is grid connected and contributes to reducing the burden of electricity consumption within the faculty. In addition, it consists of three silicon technologies. The results of the plant during the four seasons of...
The electronic structures of CdS, CdSe and ZnSe bulk and thin films materials are carried out Using the first principles calculations based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method (KKR) combined with the Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA). It is found that the band gaps of those materials in the case of thin films with 2, 4 and 8 layers are larger than the one of the bulk with Zinc blende structures...
Many groups have tried to make a dense organi-inorganic hybrid perovskite layer with one-step process. And perovskite synthesis method with the diethyl ether has been attempted in their own ways, such as dropping, long time dipping and so on. However, the reports for the solar cell having inverted form, photo-voltaic devices using PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer, are not enough. In this work, we...
The pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique is used for the room-temperature (RT) deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films. The PLD-CZTS films were subjected to post-annealing at different temperature ranging from 300–500°C in argon atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses confirmed that the films crystallize in the kesterite structure regardless of their annealing temperature (Ta), but their...
In this work, a multi-physics model was developed to assess the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) panels. The proposed model combines an optical model with an electrical and thermal model. The optical model was developed based on the theory of Markov's chains to predict the part of light that was converted to electricity. It accounts for the wavelength dependence of optical properties of different...
Integration of stoichiometric molybdenum trioxide (MoO3−x) as an effective hole transport layer (HTL) in solar cells is expected to reduce fabrication cost by eliminating the high temperature processes while maintaining high conversion efficiency. In this work we performed a systematic study to extract the electronic properties of vapor-phase deposited MoO3−x thin film and MoO3−x/crystalline silicon...
In this paper, several physical and chemical analyses have been performed to determine the composition of the dust naturally deposited on photovoltaic panels installed in our RDI Solar Energy Platform in Rabat. The mineralogical composition was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (XF). Additional characterization has also been performed by Thermal Analysis and Infrared...
This work reports on the structural, morphological and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films grown by co-electrodeposition of different Cu, Sn and Zn elements using linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The obtained films were sulfurized in N2 atmosphere at 550°C for 1h. SEM analysis shows a very dense and uniform surface with large particles. X-ray diffraction patterns...
Partial shading effect is one of the serious problems that affect BIPV systems; it leads to significant reduction in electricity production. Under these adverse conditions, shaded cells will dissipate energy in the form of heat rather than producing it. If it persists, this heat dissipation may cause an irreversible damage to the PV module. In this work, the electrical and the thermal behaviors of...
this paper develops an adaptive control to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic generator. A new algorithm is developed based on the Modified Model Reference Adaptive Control (MMRAC) combined with Incremental Conductance algorithm (IC), and Lyapunov method to obtain the control law to achieve fastly the Maximum Power Point (MPP) under the variation of temperature and the irradiance. This...
The self-consumption is a hot topic, it relates to both the energy management and the control of energy expenses and also produce renewable energy. However, the self-consumption present constraints related to variations in the solar production and the load curve of the consumer. In order to promote the use of renewable energies, contribute to the reduction of gas CO2 emissions, protect the environment...
Soiling can greatly decrease the performance of PV systems in desert regions. There are different ways of measuring soiling in the field and laboratory, such as mass of dust deposited, light transmission reduction, or output of a PV cell. A review of common PV soiling measurement techniques is presented. Also, sunlight angle of incidence is shown experimentally to affect the apparent soiling loss...
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