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This paper demonstrates the interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating with a flat-topped reflection spectrum centred on 1649.55 nm using only a single mode tunable 1651.93 nm semiconductor laser and a fiber ring resonator. The Bragg shift is accurately measured with the fiber-optic ring resonator that has a free spectral range (FSR) of 0.1008 GHz and a broadband photo-detector. Laser wavelength modulation...
We present recent developments in high temperature sensing using single material silica optical fibers. By using a single material fiber, in this case a suspended-core fiber, we avoid effects due to dopant diffusion at high temperature. This allows the measurement of temperatures up to the dilatometric softening temperature at approximately 1300°C. We demonstrate and compare high temperature sensing...
We describe the fabrication and performance of a continuously grated twisted multicore fiber sensor array. The grated fiber sensor comprises nearly continuous Bragg gratings along its entire length. The gratings are inscribed over lengths in excess of 10m in fibers with UV transparent coating using a flexible and scalable reel to reel processing system. The arrays are tested using optical frequency...
We propose a model-based compressed sensing (MBCS) of FBG arrays (FBGA), interrogated with wavelength scanning incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry. This method measures the frequency response of a FBGA with an electrical vector network analyzer combined with a tunable laser. Instead of the usual inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), we apply a direct estimation of the grating reflectivities...
An interrogation technique based on phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion due to FBG filtering is presented. A 10 GHz tone is used to phase modulate an optical carrier located at the Bragg wavelength of a given FBG. The modulation index is set to a small value to keep Bessel identities close to 0 in order to avoid higher harmonics. Changes of the Bragg wavelength cause a power change...
In this paper we present an overview of the current efforts towards integration of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor interrogators. Different photonic integration platforms will be discussed, including monolithic planar lightwave circuit technology, silicon on insulator (SOI), indium phosphide (InP) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) material platforms. Also various possible techniques for wavelength metering...
A microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) Bragg grating sensor system for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and relative humidity (RH) has been developed and characterized. The sensing head is based on two in-line fiber Bragg gratings recorded in a mPOF. The sensor system has a root mean square deviation of 1.04 % RH and 0.8 °C in the range 10 to 90% RH and 20 to 80 °C. The proposed...
A new instrumentation system for FBG interrogation is proposed. It combines the use of a VCSEL as a tunable laser and an optical frequency comb generator as a selective broadband source. Features such as auto-calibration and wave-length tracking are provided with this interrogation system. First, a fast sweep searches for the FBG spectral position, its reflection profile and finds the best set of...
Plane-by-plane fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings in optical fibers using short-pulse femtosecond IR laser is proposed and demonstrated. By incorporating a cylindrical lens in the fabrication setup, a plane of index modification can be directly inscribed in fiber core by a single laser pulse through the proposed method. This plane-by-plane method simplifies the grating inscription process and allows...
This work reports on the development of an optical fiber sensor based fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) probe for in vivo measurements of brain temperature. The major goal of this work is to demonstrate that the changes in brain temperature induced by drugs is an important reality, which could provide new valuable information on the mechanisms of drug action and open new therapeutic approaches. This probe...
An interrogation technique of cascaded FBGs sensors based on a Microwave Photonics filtering technique under coherent regime is presented. The sensing information of a 5m fiber coil with 500 weak FBGs with a similar central wavelength is retrieved. The principle of operation is based on the calculation of the impulsive response by recording the electrical frequency response of the system. Hot spot...
We report regeneration studies of fiber Bragg gratings with resonance band in the visible spectral range. The FBG were produced by direct illumination under the phase mask using UV light from a fs-laser pumped optical parametric amplifier. Some seed gratings were not so saturated as common C-Band gratings written by other methods but their regeneration efficiency is quite high. The final line-widths...
The measurement accuracy of dynamic fiber-optic sensing interrogators, which use frequency scanning to determine the value of the measurand, err as either the event bandwidth approaches half the instrument sampling frequency or when the event dynamic range comes close to the instrument designed value. One main source of error is the common practice of assigning sampling at a non-uniform grid to a...
The interaction of a fiber Bragg grating and longitudinal acoustic waves in a highly birefringent suspended-core fiber is investigated for the realization of a multi-wavelength reflection property. The modulated grating couples power from the fast and slow polarization modes to shifted superposed modes supported by the grating. The grating reflectivity of the superposed modes are tuned by the voltage...
Cross-sectional irregularities such as eccentricity are an important problem for pipe and tubing infrastructure. Recent work by the authors shows that such axially extended pipe irregularities can cause confinement and feature-guiding of lower order ultrasonic guided waves. In this paper, we demonstrate a technique to monitor such irregularities in pipes by detecting the feature-guided waves using...
We report on the development of an angle sensor which can measure at high bending curvature. Unlike the other sensors, the novel angle sensor can be durable and flexible. The sensors consist of one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fiber which is located in the middle of each sensor, and are fabricated in varying thickness to confirm the relation between the distance of the center of the angle sensor to the...
Negative-index fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were fabricated using 800 nm femtosecond laser overexposure and thermal regeneration. A positive-index type I-IR FBG was first inscribed in H2-free fiber with a uniform phase mask, and then a highly polarization dependent phase-shifted FBG (PSFBG) was created from the type I-IR FBG by overexposure. Subsequently, the PSFBG was annealed at 800 °C for 12 hours...
We report an optical fiber multiparameter sensor for refractive index and temperature measurements. The proposed sensor is composed by a microcavity in multimode fiber, assisted by Bragg gratings (FBGs) in singlemode fiber. The microcavity is engraved in a multimode optical fiber by using the femtosecond laser micromachining. The sensor is characterized through microcavity immersion in water and based...
We investigated the Bragg Wavelength Shift (BWS) induced by X-rays in a large set of conventional FBGs up to 100kGy dose. Obtained results give some insights on the influence of irradiation parameters such as dose, dose rate as well as the impact of some writing process parameters such as thermal treatment or acrylate recoating on the FBG radiation tolerance.
The abnormal temperature rise is the precursor of the defective composite insulator in power transmission line. However no consolidated techniques or methodologies can on line monitor its internal temperature now. Thus a new method using embedding fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rod is adopted to monitor its internal temperature. To correctly demodulate the internal temperature...
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