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Microgrid can provide higher reliability, resiliency, sustainability, energy security and surety. Even though there are greater benefits, maintaining stability of microgrid is a major challenge especially with high penetration of renewables into microgrid. The existing approaches to address the problem of stability is to add large energy storage and increase generation capacity. In this paper, energy...
A study of the impact of utility rates on the economic viability of Community Energy Storage (CES) is presented in this paper. Using the U.S. Utility Rate Database, the residential rate structures available at each available zip code in the continental United States were analyzed to see how viable CES is for that zip code. An operational CES hardware system was also tested to verify the results from...
Emerging smart grid concept compels microgrids to adopt decentralized methods. Centralized methods of operation are more susceptible to failure due to single point of failure held by the single controller. Decentralized microgrid control architecture is proposed, improving system reliability and avoiding control command transmission over the network. Delays in communications are unpredictable, uncertainty...
Wind power plants and other renewable power plants with power electronic interfaces are capable of delivering frequency response (both governor and/or inertial response) to the grid by a control action; thus, the reduction of available online inertia as conventional power plants are retired can be compensated by designing renewable power plant controls to include frequency response. The source of...
This paper presents the modeling, performance analysis, and design of an undersea storage system (USS). The USS can be employed for conditioning the output power of wave energy converters (WECs) and floating wind turbines (FWTs) at sea or ocean cites. A mathematical model is developed to describe the governing equations of the USS operation. Next, based on the developed model, a storage system is...
This paper proposes a low voltage ride through (LVRT) control strategy for energy storage systems (ESSs). The LVRT control strategies for wind turbine systems and photovoltaic systems have been researched until now. Regardless of the energy source, the main aim of the LVRT control strategies for a grid side converter is to inject the reactive power according to the gird code regulations. The main...
This paper investigates energy storage configuration strategy for virtual synchronous machine (VSM). The proposed VSM provides virtual inertia and damping to maintain stability of grid. Virtual inertia and damping need to be established by energy storage system (ESS). So that a strategy of energy storage configuration has been investigated through theoretical analysis and simulations in this paper...
Use of renewable sources of energy for charging of electric vehicle(EV) batteries have generated tremendous interest. The use of off-board DC chargers to reduce the weight and increase space inside an electric vehicles has been an important area of interest. Harvesting solar energy to charge electric vehicle batteries can result in large inefficient systems when multiple power conversion stages are...
Ancillary services offered by renewable energy sources frequently requires the capability of bidirectional power flow and power reserve, so an energy storage system (ESS) is a solution for this requirement. A large variety of ESS solutions are in the market, and frequently are mixed to optimize the global performance. This paper presents the integration of supercapacitors (SC) and electrochemical...
In this paper, a collaborative control scheme is proposed to improve the stability of the microgrid with intermittent renewable energy sources. Different from other cooperative control schemes targeting mostly on regulating the generation side, the proposed operating scheme utilizes all controllable resources in the microgrid, including renewable energy sources (RESs), storage devices, and controllable...
In this paper, the economic analysis of a regional coordinated Microgrids system (RCMS) considering the allocation model of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is proposed. Such a system is made up of a Residential Microgrid (RMG) and an Industrial Microgrid (IMG), and the two microgrids are already configured with optimized wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. In this model, the PEVs are served as...
With increasing PV power penetration in the modern power grid, a cost-effective solution to address PV intermittency becomes more and more compelling. The ramp rate of PV power can reach 60% of its rated capacity in just 30 seconds. Energy storage is a technically feasible solution to suppress the adverse impacts of injecting intermittent power output with such a high ramp rate into the grid, but...
This paper describes a “flexbattery” modular battery pack concept that integrates the function of energy storage, active cell balancing, and bidirectional multilevel power conversion. As a result, the flexbattery pack does not have a positive or negative terminal, but terminals that can operate at arbitrary voltage levels, both positive or negative. Since each connection terminal can generate a variable...
This paper proposes a new control method suitable for active power filters to reduce the dc capacitor voltage ripples associated with the third-order harmonic current compensation. The proposed method superimposes a negative-sequence fundamental current on the compensating current to cancel out the active power ripple caused by the third-order harmonic current. As a result, the proposed method has...
Reusing electric vehicle batteries once they have been retired from the automotive application is stated as one of the possible solutions to reduce electric vehicle costs. Many publications in the literature have analyzed the economic viability of such a solution, and some car manufacturers have recently started running several projects to demonstrate the technical viability of the so-called battery...
This paper proposes an optimization-based decision support strategy to enhance the management of the distributed energy sources of an islanded microgrid. The solutions provided by the optimization algorithm are compared with the current strategy, already implemented in a real site microgrid on Lencois' island/Brazil. Significant economic and energy savings are achieved when the optimal management...
In the case of a wide-scale adoption of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems, more fluctuated power will be injected into the grid due to the intermittency of solar PV energy. A sudden change in the PV power can potentially induce grid voltage fluctuations, and thus challenge the stability of the grid. Hence, this sudden active power change resulting in a large power ramp-rate should be avoided...
This work describes a hybrid AC/DC Smart Grid distribution scheme installed at LEMUR microgrid laboratory. The control of the microgrid is carried out according to a hierarchical coordination considering the high level control. The configuration includes a microgrid (pG) connected to the main utility grid (MUG) by means of a solid state transformer (STT). The pG is formed by several nanogrids (nGs)...
Three phase ac drives using a dc link typically feature a significant amount of dc energy storage to maintain a stiff dc bus. This paper examines the concept of reducing the size of the dc link capacitor dramatically, to store just enough energy to provide one high frequency switching cycle of output power. The dc bus is no longer stiff and hence the classical sinusoidal pulse width modulation cannot...
An AC microgrid system model is created to assess transient and steady state stability during periods of separation from the grid. A secondary control is constructed to dispatch energy sources according to user selected setpoints and participation factors. Two sources — an energy storage device and synchronous generator — are controlled to share active and reactive load burdens. A system load models...
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