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Optical microscopy is one of the most important scientific achievements in the history of mankind, and it is the most widely used technique for exploring the small world. However, as is well known, traditional lens-based optical microscopes suffer from the low imaging resolution λ/2 due to the diffraction limit. To overcome this obstacle, multiple innovative methods have been proposed during the past...
Synthetic optical holography (SOH) is an imaging technique, recently introduced in scanning microscopy to record amplitude and phase of a scattered field from a sample. In that approach, a point detector is employed, replacing CCD cameras, in order to record the mutual information between pixels and encode the phase across the whole image. The present work describes a SOH system implemented through...
The axial resolution of conventional confocal microscopy is usually larger than 600 nm. In super-resolution microscopy, although Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers lateral resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit [1, 2], the axial resolution often remains the same, unless a special set of phase modulation is employed. With two opposing objectives in 4Pi microscopy, the interference...
Field-resolved detection of ultrafast pulses in the THz (0.1–10 THz) and multi-THz (10–100 THz) spectral range has provided key insights into the dynamics of low-energy collective excitations in condensed matter systems. However, the spatial resolution of these far-field studies is intrinsically limited to the scale of the probing wavelength by diffraction. Thus, the measured optical response is an...
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