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Several programs for energy savings are running in the world and most of them are related to the civil and small business environment. The results of energy saving programs depend on technical improvements but are also heavily affected by final users behaviors. The best way to obtain durable energy saving is involving the final users in the program in order to change their habits. Energy consumptions...
This paper presents the electric vehicle(EV) system using module balancing method in vehicle-to-grid(V2G) system. Since there are intrinsic discrepancies among batteries, the state of charge(SOC) of each battery after charging or discharging may not be the same. Consequently, the batteries are with different voltages during the charging and discharging process. As a result, over-charging or over-discharging...
The number of telecommunication base stations is increasing all over the world due to an ever increasing communication demand. As a result, energy savings play an important role in our future and sustainable network architecture. In a typical base station, electronics cooling normally accounts for 25–50% of the total energy consumption, traditionally provided by air conditioning systems. The service...
The European Commission is supporting many projects in the field of energy saving, with the aim to improve user behavior and to help Europe to meet emission targets. In October 2012, the European Union adopted the Energy Efficiency Directive with the aim to reduce the primary energy consumption by 20% by 2020. One key point in the reduction of energy consumption energy is the awareness of final users...
In recent years a growing attention is being paid towards energy efficiency in civil and industrial applications. In order to achieve better efficiency and enhance the energy management strategies, better knowledge is needed on the characterization of energy consumers. Categorization of electrical consumers through clustering procedures has been widely addressed in the literature. However, the categorization...
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