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This paper looks at multiple energy sources now available at the cell site, as well as design and management complexities that have risen as a result. The goal of this paper is to outline design considerations for each alternative energy source, such as technologies, logistics, setup and operation. By showing these considerations, decision-makers can refine objectives for deployment and operation,...
Site infrastructure sharing is the trend of future base station construction. Telecom infrastructure operators require for smooth upgrading and low TCO when sharing sites power supply, spaces and operation management. This paper introduces a new integrated hybrid power supply system suitable for the site sharing requirements. It perfectly combines many functions together, such as energy generation,...
BTS sites are subject to constant cost pressure. Operational cost and especially Diesel consumption form ever increasing cost components. Here, photovoltaics (PV) is an effective measure to cut down operational cost and emissions for hybrid BTS sites. Often PV is integrated in a non-optimal way opening up room for improvements to the operational management. Three different advanced PV-hybrid operational...
Increasing use of intelligent devices in smart grids inevitably brings along the possibility of a cyber-attack These attacks can be targeted at not only control equipment but also measurement and communication instruments. Impediment of intelligent electrical devices (IEDs) due to attacks in cyber systems is a highly probable event which reveals the delicate operation required in Cyber-Physical Systems...
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