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Predicting the immunity of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) requires the computation of the electromagnetic field's coupling to PCB traces. A modified Taylor-based analytical model exists developed and validated for PCB's immunity prediction. In this paper, we present the methodology of development of an electronic design automation (EDA) extension for Altium...
A typical technique within the area of Functional Safety to increase the Safety-Integrity-Level of a safety-critical system is the use of redundancy. However, failures due to Electro-Magnetic disturbances have to be regarded as systematic common-cause failures. When an Electro-Magnetic disturbance is incident on a redundant system with identical paths/hardware, these paths will very likely react in...
This paper analyses the electrical fast transient (EFT) immunity level of a low dropout voltage regulator (LDO), with both measuring and modeling methods presented. Through non-synchronous transient injection method, the working states and fail models of the device under test (DUT) is depicted by monitoring the input and output conditions. The measurement results demonstrate that transient pulses...
A general circuit model for the field-wire coupling effect of electrically small irregular wire structures of various geometries is proposed in this paper. The formulas for the circuit elements are presented in analytical form and the limitations are discussed in detail. Finally, the model is validated on three typical cases by comparing the coupling currents on the terminal load with the counterpart...
Shortcomings of the standard ways for tests of electronic devices for immunity to ultrashort electromagnetic pulses (US EMPs) are considered. The method of a choice of simulators being based on use of key parameters of the pulse electric disturbances induced in critical circuits of equipment is offered. This method allows choosing the simulator or some simulators providing the most severe conditions...
The Mass Rapid Transit projects undergo rapid growth within city, inching nearer to commercial buildings and extending further to heavily populated residential areas. To ensure better performance of modern Mass Rapid Transit system, the design uses higher technology electronics systems, hence escalating the probability of generating high amount of radiated emission to its nearby environment as well...
In this paper, the electrical modeling of on-chip copper-carbon nanotube (Cu-CNT) composite interconnects are carried out based on the equivalent circuit model. The effective resistivity and propagation delay of a driven long Cu-CNT composite interconnect versus length have been captured and studied. The obtained results show that with the length increasing, the Cu-CNT composite can provide superior...
The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is usually used to analyze the spectrum of electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. However, the calculated spectrum of a noise signal by using a general FFT algorithm is different from the measured result obtained by using an EMI receiver. Because the intermediate frequency (IF) filter in the EMI receiver has a band-pass effect when filtering the signal, the measured...
In the process of electromagnetic interference sources imaging using parabolic reflection, the existing equipment can only collect the electromagnetic intensity information but it is difficult to directly obtain the phase information. In this paper, we have implemented the combination of the gerchberg-saxton algorithm and the transport-of-intensity equation algorithm for wideband phase retrieval on...
There are several existing techniques like Direct Loss Subtraction, Through-Reflection-Line (TRL) calibration and Automatic Fixture Removal (AFR) with 2XThrough fixtures for characterizing PCB unit length insertion loss. In this paper, 1) a new method for characterizing PCB loss by using AFR with 1X Open fixtures is proposed. This new method has been proved to have the similar accuracy with TRL and...
The Stochastic Collocation Method is introduced to field-to-wire coupling simulation to analyze the uncertainty caused by the parameters of the cables geometrical structure and incident field. The accuracy of Stochastic Collocation Method can be validated by the results calculated by Monte Carlo. Furthermore, the proposed method has high efficiency, and requires no modification to solver.
In this paper, a package P/G pins assignment optimization method based on simulated annealing (SA) is proposed. Two objective functions describing power integrity (PI) and signal integrity (SI) are introduced. The basic flow of SA is presented, with the redefinition of the neighborhood of solution in SA, which ensures the feasibility in iteration. A 49×49 pinout example generated by the proposed SA...
In this paper, an optimization method using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for the power/ground (P/G) pin assignment of large-scale high-pin-count ball grid array (BGA) packages. A general PSO working flow is introduced, and two examples of P/G pin assignment using the proposed method are presented. For validation, a comparison between Xilinx product and the result from PSO is presented...
This paper presents a wideband collar-shaped antenna, which was designed for multiband RF energy harvesting. The antenna consists of two folded dipoles, which are laid on a circular FR-4 substrate. The center parallel-wire transmission line and marginal bent dipoles work together to provide a broadband feature. An additional reflector ground is employed to raise the antenna directivity and suppress...
A miniaturization ultra-wideband sinuous antenna is designed and fabricated in this paper based on the requirement of the non-contact life breathing monitoring. The antenna has two arms and a micro-strip balun is used to feed the antenna. In order to get good unidirectional performance, a backed reflection cavity is added to our design. Measured results show that the return loss is less than −10dB...
Ala et al. (2008) have proposed a soil ionization model, on the basis of the dynamic soil-resistivity model of Liew and Darveniza (1974), for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computations, and tested the validity of the model against experiments on a single vertical grounding rod. In the model, the resistivity of each soil-representing cell is controlled by the instantaneous value of the electric...
Near-field mutual coupling between antennas is a widespread problem that may affect the performance of wireless systems. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) presents a new approach to solve this problem and in this paper we deal with the near-field and out-of-band case. Based on the CMA, the functional and non-functional modes are discriminated, and the latter is suppressed using inductive loads. Moreover,...
An innovative lightweight and flexible multilayered screen made by electrically doped graphene sheets laminated with thin films of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is proposed. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the screen is computed in the low GHz frequency range assuming that the graphene/PET multilayer is modelled as an equivalent single-layer shield having an effective conductivity. A rigorous...
A method on developing pre-layout PDN model utilizing 3D full-wave simulation was proposed in this work. The proposed method divides the PDN into different blocks and obtains the network parameters of each block using 3D full-wave simulation. The proposed method was validated with post-layout simulation. Results show that PDN impedance obtained from pre-layout PDN model developed using proposed method...
The enclosure is usually employed to protect the electronic devices or system against electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The sweeping method is recommended by technical standards to measure the shielding effectiveness (SE). In the frequency range concerned by most research in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP), the sweeping method is not a fast way to acquire system shielding performance. Considering...
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