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The distance of conventional X-band microwave propagation over the sea surface is within ‘radio line-of-sight’ (RLOS) which limits its application in long-range land-buoy communication. To overcome the above limitation, evaporation duct (EVD) is employed as an alternative to the physical channel in the land-buoy communication and the corresponding communication distance could be extended to hundreds...
Wind sea and swell indicating different wave field characteristics generally coexist in both coastal areas and open waters, which results in bimodal or multi-peaked features in directional wave spectrum. Separation and identification of mixed wave conditions into wind sea and swell present a more detailed description of the sea states, and they turn wave parameters such as significant weight height...
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