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This paper discusses three types of current controllers with an active damped inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filter for grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Grid current is considered as the feedback variable in the first controller. The filter capacitor is divided into two parts and the current between the split capacitor is considered in the feedback to actively damp the resonance peak...
This paper presents the application of bi-level programming to determine the profit maximization for transmission investor in deregulated power markets. We consider a deregulated market comprising merchant transmission investors responsible for transmission expansion and a central market operator responsible for market clearing. The problem is solved using two levels of optimization: Upper level problem,...
In this paper, the most prominent inverter interface control techniques for the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems; the constant-current control (CCC) and constant-power control (CPC) were evaluated based on the dynamics of the inverter local load. A fully controlled 100 kW grid-connected PV distributed generation (DG) with dynamic load is simulated in MATLAB Simiilink. The CCC has one fast...
This paper proposes a space vector modulation based dc-link capacitor voltage balancing technique for a five-level multiple-pole multilevel diode-clamped (M2DCI) inverter. The new five-level inverter contains lesser number of clamping diodes compared to the conventional five-level diode-clamped inverter (DCI) topology and does not require any extra balancing circuits to maintain balanced voltages...
To meet the increasing demand of electric energy, the distributed generation has been put in more and more applications. Being the key part of the distributed generation, the inverter may break down, which makes the normal generation unavailable. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reconfigurable inverter which based on paralleled similar modules. And the reconfiguration method is designed...
An intermittent nature of the solar generation affects the micro-grid system noticeably when the micro-grid is disconnected from the power system through a fault, etc., and islanding operation is compulsory forced. So as to prevent anticipated problems, batteries are sometimes used for compensating surplus and shortage of the PV power output fluctuation. Two kinds of battery connections have been...
At present more number of renewable generation units are being integrated to power system at distribution level. With the increased energy penetration, reverse in conventional power flow direction and different type of integrated renewable energy, existing over current based distribution protection philosophies needs to be enhanced. This paper presents protection scheme for inverter interfaced distribution...
This paper introduces a mathematical model and a voltage/frequency control scheme for inverter interfacing Grid Forming DG (VF) unit. The introduced control scheme utilizes the well understood and optimized dq-frame current control scheme that is used with inverter interfacing Grid Following DG (PQ) units. Minimum modifications are made to the control software to allow grid isolation operation of...
This article introduces the design of a transformer-less single-switch mode (SSM) photovoltaic grid-tie boost inverter (GTBI) with immittance conversion topology for residential applications. The proposed GTBI employs only an SSM boost inverter circuit along with a T-LCL immittance converter. As the proposed design is entirely transformer-less with SSM boost inverter, it significantly reduces the...
Because the microgrid's varied operation states and the application of inverter micro sources, failure characteristics may be quite different when the microgrid in different states. Microgrid feeder protection configuration is a problem to be solved. To solve this problem, the application of the adaptive current protection policies in the microgrid feeder protection was studied. System model was established...
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power plant monitoring is one of the crucial aspects for energy forecasting and demand management in the future smart grid (SG) through establishing low-powered communication technology. In this paper, Zigbee wireless technology is considered for AC electrical parameters' monitoring of the distributed PV plant located at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). For this consideration,...
This paper presents a new control method to regulate various parameters such as output voltage and power of the inverters interfaced with distributed generations (DGs) in the proposed microgrid system integrated with a distribution network device. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to control the inverters of the DGs using state-space model of the inverters in the proposed system. The distribution...
This paper presents the modeling, simulation, and performance evaluation of a hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with an energy storage system utilized in a grid-connected distributed generation (DG) system. To control the fuel cell/battery grid-side voltage source inverter (VSI), the conventional voltage-mode and current-mode control schemes with improved proportional-integral (PI)-fuzzy...
Fault ride through (FRT) capability is one of the challenges faced in the medium to high voltage large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs). Besides that, due to the high penetration of installed distributed generation (DG) units, the grid voltage enhancement under unbalanced faults is a requirement of several standards and grid codes. The controller of the grid-connected inverter consists...
This paper proposes a power balancing strategy for dispatchable and non-dispatchable sources in an islanded microgrid. This control method enables energy storage system that employs a voltage-band at a dc busbar to maintain grid voltage stability for short period disturbances in a network. This voltage-band, applied to obtain maximum benefit from the storage system, depends on a storage capacity feature...
Flexible active and reactive power injection to the grid is one of the requirements of medium-scale PV power plants (PVPP). Due to the high penetration of installed distributed generation (DG) units to the power system, the flexible active/reactive power control capability is necessary for medium-scale PVPPs in order to maintain the power quality and reliability of the power system. A three-dimensional...
This paper proposes a method to determine the optimum Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) size, considering how the location of BESS affects the micro-grid and analysis of power loss for the consideration of different locations of BESS. The possibility of installing an optimum BESS as the distributed BESS at different locations is proposed. Artificial neural network (ANN) was established to evaluate...
This paper analyses the performance of a Q-f droop based anti-islanding protection (AIP) scheme when the islanded circuit contains both inverter based DG and directly connected synchronous generator (SG) based DG. It is found that the performance of the AIP method is significantly degraded when SG is present in the island. This is because frequency cannot be directly manipulated by injecting reactive...
As the number of DC loads are growing in our daily uses, the low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system is becoming important. Power supplied through the low voltage AC (LVAC) distribution system needs both the AC/DC rectifier and the DC/DC converter to supply the DC loads. In comparison, LVDC system would only need the DC/DC converter to supply the DC loads. Integration of renewable energy sources...
The advent of multilevel inverters brings flexibility in the microgrids' design for numerous new applications. But, these static power electronic inverters possesses low moment of inertia, which effects the system resiliency in the event of uncertainties. This calls for a philosophy of emulating virtual inertia into the microgrid's operation while preserving the advantages of renewable energy and...
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