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Demand response is a key solution in smart grid to address the ever-increasing peak energy consumption. With multiple utility companies, users will decide from which utility company to buy electricity and how much to buy. Consequently, how to devise distributed real-time demand response in the multiseller̈Cmultibuyer environment emerges as a critical problem in future smart grid. In this paper, we...
Paying for load reductions results in a market, where the amount of resources sold is less than the amount of resources bought. To resolve this imbalance, ISOs must allocate the cost of compensating demand response to those who benefit from reduced LMPs. Current cost allocation methods are based on each energy buyer's load share. In an uncongested network, this results in a “fair” allocation of costs,...
This paper proposes a comprehensive solution methodology for the pricing difficulty when Lagrange multipliers are not unique. A linear optimization model is proposed to solve the congestion-related pricing difficulty. The objective function of the model is set to be minimizing the congestion surplus. In addition, an incentive-based allocation approach is incorporated in the solution procedure for...
The objective of this paper is to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helps to allocate demand curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatch center. Demand curtailment allocation is quantified by taking into account demand response...
Reactive power planning or VAR planning is critical to ensure acceptable power quality and system robustness. While addressing var planning, the key issue is optimal allocation i.e. location and size of reactive power sources. Security of power systems is a major concern during contingencies. So, consideration of all plausible contingencies during planning process is important. However, consideration...
Recloser allocation and placement for a rural distribution system is investigated using a hierarchical framework. This paper proposed a high level recloser allocation scheme in addition to the low level recloser placement. Allocating reclosers to certain feeders without knowing the the exact circuit topology would be more efficient and desirable for the planning of utility companies. While the allocation...
Distributed Generation (DG) units have many benefits and have been extensively used for loss reduction and voltage improvement. This paper proposes a simple, yet efficient method for long term planning using DG units and line reinforcement. The proposed method uses a dynamic graph to identify the optimal combination of buses to which DG units connect and/or lines to be upgraded in order to mitigate...
This paper presents optimized approaches for microgrid design and allocation of energy storage units to enhance self adequacy of microgrids. Microgrids are clusters of distributed energy resources serving clusters of distributed loads either in grid connected or isolated grid modes. The self adequacy of microgrids is maximized by the optimal installment of energy storage units that can store the spilled...
In this paper, we propose a coordination scheme between balancing authority (BA) areas in an interconnected power system that decreases the regulation amount needed as well as the associated costs. Our approach aims at mimicking the behavior of the automatic generation control (AGC) system in a scenario where the whole interconnected system is assumed to be operated by a single BA area. To this end,...
A large number of distributed generations (DGs) in a distribution grid always belong to different operators. Therefore, the exact changes in operation state caused by each single DG, such as the allocation of power loss, should be determined. This study proposes a method combining power flow algorithm, sensitivity analysis, and multi-step integration. The total changes caused by all the DGs can then...
Wind turbines play an important role in producing clean energy and reducing pollution, but they can fail during the operation due to various types of faults and environment uncertainties. Therefore, one of the key problems in wind energy systems is the resilient control to achieve their high reliability. To reach this goal, we first design a resilient controller by incorporating faults into the wind...
Economic transmission planning aims at identifying transmission solutions that reduce system congestion and increase market efficiency. The resulting economic benefits can be quantified by intensive simulations. However, with the rapid increase in the number of transmission proposals for evaluation, the computational requirements may become prohibitive, and therefore it is beneficial to develop an...
Net Transfer Capacity (NTC) values are an indication of cross-border transmission capacities that may be used by market participants to conduct electricity transactions across the borders of two or more areas (countries) in Europe. Cross-border transmission capacities, defined by neighboring TSOs, are generally restricted due to capacity limitations of tie-lines and concerns related to the secure...
Understanding human participants' trading behaviors is important for market designers. When analyzing the sensitivity of a control variable, it is of crucial importance to keep all other variables fixed, as well as human behaviors. In this paper, a hybrid interactive simulation methodology is introduced and utilized to model emission trading behaviors of generation companies. By extracting information...
In this paper we propose a robust method to determine, allocate and price the contingency reserves required to fully comply with N-1 security criteria in real-time operations. Unlike the traditional fixed reserve requirement, the method identifies adequate reserves in terms of type, quantity and location, needed to respond to expected generation outages. The provision of energy and responsive reserves...
We propose a coordination algorithm for cooperative power allocation among a collection of commercial buildings within a campus. We describe a typical commercial building Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, and utilize Model Predictive Control (MPC) to characterize its power flexibility. The power allocation problem is formulated as a cooperative game using the Nash Bargaining...
this paper presents a new type of index for improving the power system economical dispatch from a voltage stability margin perspective. The proposed index is based on normal vector of voltage stability limit surface, which are supplement and enhancement of participation factor. Firstly, the rationality of this index is proved mathematically. Then numerical simulation on IEEE 39 system demonstrate...
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