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A microgrid usually consists of small-scale of thermal generation sources and other distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic, wind power, and fuel cells to serve its loads. The microgrid can increase DER penetrations and operation reliability through appropriate control schemes and energy management. When the inverter-based DERs supply electric energy to nonlinear loads in the microgrid,...
This paper proposes a mean-variance optimization model for the grid-connected microgrid energy management system (MG-EMS). In the proposed method, both the expected system operating cost and the tie-line power fluctuation variance are taken as the objective functions to provide a trade-off between operating benefit and risk assessment for decision makers. Further, robust optimization (RO) has been...
Resiliency with respect to extreme events, such as a major hurricane, is considered one of the key features of smart distribution systems by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In this paper, approaches to resilient distribution systems are reviewed and analyzed. Three important measures to enhance resiliency, i.e., utilization of microgrids, distribution automation (DA), and vulnerability analysis,...
This paper proposes game theory method to solve the multi-objective optimal operation problem of microgrid. By converting the initial objects into game players and the functions to utility functions and with the help of impact factor and cluster the variables are converted to strategies of every player. By solving the new game theory problem we get an equilibrium result which can take all objects...
This paper proposes a real-time Energy Management System (EMS) for a low voltage (LV) Microgrid (MG). The system operation consists in solving the Unit Commitment (UC) and Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) simultaneously for 24 hours ahead at every 15-minute period. This operation is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the minimization of operational cost, total emissions and power...
This paper presents the implementation of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for integration of solar PV generation with batteries on an active power distribution system, i.e. micro-grid. Here, the discrete-time finite-horizon optimal control problem associated to the MPC is presented as a non- convex optimization problem. Then, this control problem is solved by utilization of a convexification...
A standalone microgrid system consisting of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, diesel engine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a battery energy storage system (BESS) is analyzed with a composite observer (CO) based control methodology. The PV array fed boost converter is controlled for providing the maximum power of the SPV array at any given temperature and insolation level...
A Support Vector Machine (SVM) based approach for microgrid islanding decision and control is investigated. The IEEE 13-feeder system is modified and serves as the microgrid model connected to Kundur four-machine two-area system that models the main transmission grid. A representative data set is obtained through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink considering multiple typical scenarios with or without...
Starting of large induction motors may produce voltage dip in a weak microgrid because of high current and reactive power demand in transient period. This paper develops a solution for black start issue of an Induction Motor (IM) using Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) interfaced source in an autonomous microgrid. This paper provides procedures and techniques for controlling the VSC. First, a dynamic...
This paper proposes a method to optimally operate microgrids under conditions of uncertainty introduced by renewable energy sources, under both grid connected and islanded mode. Uncertainty is quantified with probability distribution and confidence levels are used to establish likelihood of forecast error. The optimization problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem and the optimality...
The microgrid's control strategies are designed to achieve the power sharing, as well as to regulate voltage and frequency within acceptable ranges. To fully meet these requirements, a distributed cooperative control strategy for multiple Electric Springs (ESs) is proposed in this paper. By ensuring the reactive power utilization ratio of each ES to converge to the given set point, the tradeoff between...
This paper develops a flexible control strategy for DG inverters in a microgrid application with load current decomposition based on Instantaneous Power Theory (PQ). For grid connected mode of operation, the control strategy simultaneously supply all or part of the load current components allowing the DG system to inject its available energy, as well as to work as an active power filter, mitigating...
A Transient Stability Analysis of a low inertia microgrid system is presented in this paper. The analysis is performed on experimental data collected for different case scenarios of grid disturbances. The test bed consists of a reconfigurable 100kW MicroGrid system with more than 10 rotating generators, PV, and Wind penetration capabilities. Both islanded and non-islanded situations are considered...
This paper presents a two-level hierarchical control approach for voltage source inverters used to interface Distributed Generators (DGs) in microgrid applications. The control structure comprises primary and secondary levels. The primary level is a local controller, which consists of voltage and current inner control loops in order to fix the filter capacitor voltage and a virtual impedance loop...
This paper presents a method to build the optimal energy management for grid connected microgrid which comprises the PV system and battery energy storage system (BESS). The objective is to minimize the cash flow of the system as well as to the maximum of net power import from the main grid. The constraints are given by the power balance between the production and consumption, and the capacity of each...
In multi-inverter-based islanded microgrids with unbalanced and distorted loads, due to voltage drop across line, the load bus voltage is unbalanced and distorted, which shows the requirement for power quality increase at load bus. To address this problem, this paper presents master-slave-based cooperative operation of DGs with the implementation of Conservative Power Theory (CPT), in which in addition...
The aim of this paper is to develop a control algorithm for load sharing in an isolated microgrid with renewable energy sources (RESs) and storage devices. In this paper, a load sharing control scheme is proposed where a central power management unit and local controllers work together to share the load of a microgrid with its available generators. The central control unit is able to estimate the...
The renewable generation such as photovoltaic(PV) power and wind power generation and load in the microgrid may have considerable forecast errors with uncertainties of solar radiation, wind speed and local demands. In this paper, scenarios are selected corresponding to a specified confidence interval by Monte Carlo method for considering the uncertainty. The methodology to reflect the degree of uncertainties...
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