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This paper proposes a comprehensive solution methodology for the pricing difficulty when Lagrange multipliers are not unique. A linear optimization model is proposed to solve the congestion-related pricing difficulty. The objective function of the model is set to be minimizing the congestion surplus. In addition, an incentive-based allocation approach is incorporated in the solution procedure for...
With the recent development of advanced metering infrastructure, real-time pricing (RTP) scheme is anticipated to be introduced in future retail electricity market. This paper proposes an algorithm for a home energy management scheduler (HEMS) to reduce the cost of energy consumption using RTP. The proposed algorithm works in three subsequent phases namely realtime monitoring (RTM), stochastic scheduling...
Static reserve policies are used within security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) to ensure reliability. A common policy is that ten-minute reserve must exceed the largest contingency. However, this condition does not guarantee reliability because voltage and thermal limits can hinder reserve deliverability. Many operators use zonal reserve markets to ensure reserves are dispersed across the grid...
Recent years have witnessed the significant growth in electricity consumption. The emerging smart grid aims to address the ever-increasing load through appropriate scheduling, i.e., to shift the energy demand from peak to off-peak periods by pricing tariffs as incentives. Under the real-time pricing environment, due to the uncertainty of future prices, load scheduling is formulated as an optimization...
The boost in intermittent renewable generation increases the constraints on the transmission lines, including the interconnections between neighboring countries. This rises the concerns on the security of supply in the power systems. In addition it damages the efficiency of the electricity market.The modification of the bidding area configuration is often considered as a solution to manage this problematic...
As more Smart Grid technologies (e.g., distributed photovoltaic, spatially distributed electric vehicle charging) are integrated into distribution grids, static distribution simulations are no longer sufficient for performing modeling and analysis. GridLAB-D is an agent-based distribution system simulation environment that allows fine-grained end-user models, including geospatial and network topology...
The problem of integrating renewable generation in a distribution network is considered under two integration models: a centralized utility-based model in which the utility owns and operates the renewable generation as part of its portfolio of energy resources, and a decentralized consumer-based model in which each consumer owns and operates the renewable generation and is allowed to sell surplus...
Most of the ongoing smart grid projects are focused on power distribution system automation and upgrades. Although there is no electricity market in the distribution system yet, this will be a natural step with increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER). This work extends transmission locational marginal price (LMP) concept to distribution level. A new Optimal Power Flow (OPF) methodology...
Correct interface pricing is essential to sufficiently reflect the true system marginal cost including incremental system dispatch cost or decremental system production cost savings. Deficiencies in interface pricing would provide wrong price signals to incentivize harmful interchange transactions or dis-incentivize beneficial interchange transactions between Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs)...
The increasing connection of distributed generators to distribution network have greatly impacted on the performance peculiarity of both power source and electric load. In order to coordinate the operation between source and load, a demand side management operation strategy is discussed in this paper, based on the technical characteristics of active distribution network and differential electricity...
Electricity prices in Australia have been rising fast, and they are expected to grow further. The price rises are largely driven by increased spending on electricity distribution network. With these developments, distribution network service providers (DNSPs) are under immense pressure to seek new ways to reduce costly investments in networks. Non-network alternatives (NNAs) or distributed energy...
In this paper we propose a robust method to determine, allocate and price the contingency reserves required to fully comply with N-1 security criteria in real-time operations. Unlike the traditional fixed reserve requirement, the method identifies adequate reserves in terms of type, quantity and location, needed to respond to expected generation outages. The provision of energy and responsive reserves...
In this paper, game design for demand response in smart grid from a control perspective is investigated. A pricing scheme is proposed to ensure the efficiency of the Nash equilibrium. The designed game is proven to be a state-based potential game and the stationary state Nash equilibrium is the social optimal solution. An adaptive penalty based pricing mechanism is proposed and adaptive control laws...
We address the extension of spatiotemporal marginal-cost-based Wholesale Transmission markets to Retail Distribution markets. We formulate the detailed Day Ahead (DA) distribution market clearing problem and solve it for real and reactive power Distribution Location-Marginal-Prices (DLMPs). Using a realistic industrial/commercial/residential distribution network, we obtain the DA market clearing DLMPs...
Demand side management has attracted a lot of attention as a method to regulate customer behavior and improve system reliability. In this paper, we solve the day-ahead energy pricing problem in the distribution electricity system by taking into account the fact that customers can change their consumption behavior in response to price changes. We propose two pricing models under two different scenarios...
In an interconnected system (e.g., the Eastern Interconnection), there are multiple regional transmission organizations (RTOs) or independent system operators (ISOs) such as Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO), New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (NYISO), PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM), and Southwest Power Pool, Inc. (SPP). The congestion management is a complex issue because...
Net Energy Metering (NEM) is the most common form of compensation for distributed PV and currently 46 states and the District of Columbia have NEM policies. This “easy to understand and implement” policy allows customers with distributed generation to be compensated at the retail electricity rate for any excess generation fed into the grid. However, NEM has recently come under strong criticism from...
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