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A practical transformer with enhanced misalignment tolerability for wireless-power-transfer (WPT) is presented. The generalized structure of the transformer is explained through a systematic approach. The proposed system is capable of operating with misalignments as large as half of the primary winding length with a minimal drop in voltage or increase in emissions. This solution facilitates realizing...
Battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is a key issue in battery management system (BMS) for ensuring reliable operation of electric vehicles (EV). This paper proposes a novel SOC estimation method based on iterated extended Kalman particle filter (IEKPF), the main characteristics of IEKPF are to generate the proposal distribution, an accurate approximation of the posterior probability density can...
Electric vehicles are increasingly being adopted due to environmental awareness and competitive technical performance and reducing prices. Their research and development has sometimes relied on the use of standard driving cycles. However, these cycles cannot reproduce the variations of traffic flow in real world. That is why in this paper we develop a software tool able to analyze real-life driving...
An accurate assessment of the temperature distribution on the surface of the battery can be instrumental in prediction of the health and remaining lifetime in the battery/battery storage unit. Close monitoring of operational conditions and health can lead to significant saving in the overall cost and reliability of the targeted application. In this paper a new method for estimation of an effective...
To optimize the comprehensive performance of electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with automated manual transmission (AMT), a performance evaluation function that takes into account dynamic performance, economic performance and driver's driving intentions is put forward. The approach proposed in this paper is based on a gearshift schedule optimization method based on genetic algorithm (GA) using the evaluation...
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems have been proved to be promising energy sources representing other conventional energy sources. However the life span is limited to some factors like intolerance of impurities or oscillation of working conditions, which can lead to output voltage ageing over operation. The prediction of output voltage drop trends is one of the major tasks of PEMFC...
This paper presents a novel high-frequency split-phase SiC inverter suitable for vehicular power generators. Electrification of vehicles such as recreational vehicles (RV's), fire trucks, and media/telecommunication vans requiring variable-speed generators and power electronics are discussed. Two inverters, designed using commercially available all-SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT power modules, are built and...
High-power, bidirectional DC/DC converters are widely used in electric vehicles. As vehicle volumes increase, the robust and efficient testing of these converters will be key to high reliability and low cost. A highly configurable, closed-loop, regenerative burn-in test system is presented here that reduces power supply and load requirements to less than 1/10th of those required for conventional test...
There is wide disagreement in the automotive industry over what size cells are ideal for battery packs. Because of the inherent complexity of packs and the diversity of applications, current lines of thought are loosely opinion based. In order to start quantitatively examining the problem, this study measures the performance of a range of cylindrical cell sizes in a generic battery module (modeled...
The paper compares generic on board charger module (OBCM) topologies with respect to ground fault current detection and interruption. Ground fault current in isolated charging modules is very small due to the galvanic isolation between the input and output sides. In non-isolated charging modules, the paper shows the contributing components of the system to the generation of ground fault current. The...
Battery stacks with many cells per string require sophisticated balancing hardware for capacity maximization, safe operation, and extended lifetime. This paper proposes a simplified control architecture for redistributive battery balancing topologies. A high level controller defines the link currents to be actuated by flyback DC/DC converters. Linear transformations are used to rewrite the balancing...
This paper investigates the impact of the number of phases in an interleaved dc-dc boost converter. Indeed, in high power applications where more than hundreds of amperes are requested, the use of interleaving topologies can yield to significant advantages as they permit to divide the current into several phases. This ultimately reduces the current rating of each power inductor and switch, and provides...
Aircraft DC buses are variable due to the variable speed generators which constrains to design the actuator for the lowest DC voltage value which leads to over-sizing VSIs of actuators. It is proposed to use a quasi Z-source inverter to increase the torque constant in order to reduce the phase currents consequently the losses and increase input inverter voltage at high speed to keep the control of...
In single-phase on-board charger for the electrified vehicles, second-order harmonic currents and corresponding ripple voltages exist on the dc bus. The low-frequency harmonic current is normally filtered using a bulk film capacitor or additional active power filter (APF) circuit. This presents an obstacle for improving the power density as well as reducing the cost. This paper presents a new method...
In the search for higher efficiency machines, the use of new topologies and better electrical steels in the rotor and/or stator stack are part of the solutions envisaged. ArcelorMittal has developed a range of low loss and high permeability grades that can fit this purpose. This paper quantifies the effect of mechanical stresses on the magnetic properties of such an electrical steel stack. These stresses...
The growing global awareness for a pollution free environment coupled with lower cost and higher availability of smaller generating units (PV and wind) has elevated the interest in distributed generation. On the other hand, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) present a promising and emerging technology of future transportation. But it should also be taken into account that the proliferation of...
Reducing fuel consumption and thus greenhouse gas emissions is a major challenge for the automotive industry. To help achieve this goal, Diesel combustion engines as well as hybrid architectures are often used to further improve vehicle fuel efficiency. Combining these two technologies, the Peugeot 3008 Hybrid 4 was the first production vehicle utilizing a Diesel engine in a full hybrid powertrain...
This paper introduces a simple adaptive fuzzy controller structure for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Unlike many PMSM-based control techniques, the proposed strategy achieves tracking with no current loop regulation which yields reduced complexity. A simple and effective method is used to set d-axis voltage of the machine to achieve good machine's efficiency. The control scheme and...
Induction machines are good candidates for traction applications, due to their rugged construction and to their use of low-cost readily available materials. Traction applications typically require that the converter-controlled induction machine be capable of providing both motoring torque and braking torque. It is important to distinguish between regenerative and non-regenerative braking torque modes;...
Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles are capable of providing electrical braking to assist mechanical brakes during a braking event. Braking strategies can be formulated to dictate the manner in which the braking effort is shared between the electrical and mechanical brakes. Electrical braking capability is identified by regions in the braking quadrants of an electric machine's torque-speed plane,...
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