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We demonstrate that surface-emitting second-harmonic generation is an effective technique for evaluating domains of periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide: domain period, linear taper, and poling depth. Such a method reaches nanoscale spatial resolution of 0.5 nm.
We demonstrate that long-lived air waveguides can efficiently collect remote, isotropically emitted optical signals. Signal-to-noise enhancements of ∼104 are possible for standoff measurements at 100 m, with even higher increases possible at longer distances.
We show that femtosecond filament arrays can generate robust, very long-lived optical waveguides in air. These guides have millisecond lifetime and should be suitable for the transmission of high average power beams.
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