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A terahertz sensor to determine the individual thicknesses of car paint layers is deployed onto the factory floor of an automotive manufacturer. When illuminated with an incident terahertz pulse, reflections from the interfaces between layers are combined and detected. To precisely measure real paint formulations of representative thickness in situ on large curved panels, detailed calibrations of...
We present an approach for two-port on-wafer calibration to establish the test reference planes within the substrate of the device under test for the WR3 (220–325 GHz) and WR5 (140–220 GHz) frequency bands. On-wafer calibration is useful for characterizing elements such as transistors for modeling or for the confirmation of circuit models. There are numerous publications for on-wafer calibrations,...
A highly integrated calibration switch operating in the 500–750 GHz band is fabricated using silicon micromachining and measured. The silicon pieces are fabricated using DRIE micro-fabrication techniques and are assembled using silicon compression pins. This compact approach will enable, for the first time, an integrated Dickie switch radiometer at this frequency band and will facilitate calibration...
An uncertainty calculation method for the D-band power meter calibration factor is reported. In this method, the propagation of uncertainty from type-B uncertainty components is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. Then, the combined standard uncertainty is calculated as the square root sum of the uncertainty propagation and waveguide flange connection repeatability.
A compact quasioptical setup is designed and optimized for material characterization in the frequency range 50 GHz to 500 GHz. The S-parameters are measured with a commercial Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) together with its mm/sub-mm frequency extenders. A simple practical calibration process is used to determine the diffracted waves on the material surface. A new method is proposed to extract the...
PTB, the National Metrology Institute of Germany, and Sensor- and Lasertechnik, a company based in Germany, developed together novel THz detectors. They are based on a coated thin film pyroelectric foil. Intensive care has been taken to their sensitivity and spectral response to make them suitable for absolute power measurement of time-domain spectroscopy systems (TDS). Their power responsivity is...
Millimeter-wave holographic imaging system can acquire 3D images and is nonionzing, which especially fits human imaging. Widely utilized linear antenna arrays provide high scanning speed as well as non-uniformity artifacts. In this paper, we developed a set of calibration methods and image denoising algorithms to eliminate the influences of system errors including response non-uniformity, transmission...
In this paper, the challenges and various aspects in designing non-cryogenic space radiometers are discussed in general, both from a system level perspective as well as on a subsystem and technology level. Specifically two recent European radiometer instruments, the Geosounder interferometer and the STEAMR limbsounder are described in depth. Other concurrent radiometer subsystems under development...
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