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Optical solitons are important in the modern photonics. Passively mode locked erbium doped fiber lasers provide a neat platform to study soliton dynamics. Soliton interaction dynamics is important for various applications and has quite different manifestations, including e.g. such as bound state solitons [1], soliton rains [2]. Soliton interactions have been observed with different mode locking approaches...
Rogue waves - originally reported in oceanography to cause unexpected fatalities to ships - have recently attracted a lot of attention as they seem to exist in a multitude of different wave-supporting physical systems. In optics, in particular, the pioneering work of Solli et al. [1] discussed an extreme-value distribution of wave amplitudes emerging from supercontinuum generation in a fiber. Here...
A rogue wave is a rare and extreme event occurring at the end of a long-tailed distribution. In optics rogue waves have been observed in many systems [1] and their study is attracting a great deal of interest, not only because of their practical importance (they can produce catastrophic optical damage), but also, because they occur in several natural systems and optics provides controllable and inexpensive...
A radially- or azimuthally-polarized mode is one of the axially-polarized modes, changing its local polarization state as a function of the azimuthal angle. It can be expressed by a superposition of the left-circularly polarized (LCP; s = +1: spin angular momentum (SAM) of light) l= — 1 optical vortex and the right-circularly polarized (RCP;s= — 1) l = + 1 optical vortex. Here, the term optical vortex...
The noise properties of supercontinuum (SC) generation have attracted a lot of attention due to a large application demand for low noise SC sources and in the more fundamental context of clarifying links with instabilities in other systems. In typical commercial SC sources the pulse break-up is initiated by noise-driven modulational instability (MI). The resulting large spectral shot-to-shot fluctuations...
Nonlinear parametric processes are known to depend critically on phase matching between the phase velocities of the interacting waves. Phase matching is mostly achieved using conventional methods like crystal birefringence in homogeneous nonlinear optical media, or quasi-phase matching technique in periodically poled media [1]. Recently, randomly structured multi-domain media have attracted a lot...
We report [1] the transfer of phase structure, and in particular of orbital angular momentum (OAM), from near-infrared pump light to blue light generated in a four-wave-mixing process [2-6] in 85Rb vapour. The intensity and phase profile of the two pump lasers at 780nm and 776nm, shaped by a spatial light modulator (SLM), influences the phase and intensity profile of light at 420nm which is generated...
Optical solitons, ubiquitous and well-understood in low-dimensional systems, such as optical fibres, are in higher dimension a relatively new topic, as far as experiments are concerned. These entities - called Light Bullets (LBs) - where first observed in waveguide arrays [1] and exhibit dynamics, differing significantly from their low-dimensional counterparts. This difference is related to changed...
Optical clocks have accuracies an order of magnitude better than caesium fountain clocks; however, before the second can be re-defined in terms of an optical transition, many different ions and clock configurations must be explored and compared to each other. A clear challenge is then to develop accurate methods to compare clocks. Ideally, transportable optical clocks are needed, and transportability...
Ultra-high-resolution spectroscopy enables to test modern theories of fundamental physics with molecules as for instance the non conservation of parity [1] or the stability of the electron-to-proton mass ratio [2]. However many of these tests rely on the availability of ultra-stable and accurate laser sources emitting in the mid-infrared (MIR) where molecules exhibit rovibrational transitions. It...
The emission of Cherenkov radiation (CR) by solitons propagating in optical fibers has been extensively studied and is known to play a central role in the generation of broadband supercontinua [1]. This process is generally described in terms of a phase-matching condition between the soliton propagating in the anomalous dispersion regime and a dispersive wave in the region of normal dispersion. Although...
Quantum information technology is based on our ability to manipulate and transmit the internal quantum states of physical systems, such as photons, ions, atoms, superconducting circuits, etc [1,2]. In photonic systems, a strong research effort has been recently devoted to expanding the useful quantum space by two alternative approaches, which have proceeded in parallel. One of them relies on increasing...
Quantum computation with large numbers of qubits is often envisioned to be facilitated by the division of one large register into several smaller units. The efficient information processing then relies on a coherent transfer of qubits between these units. Chains of spin-1/2-particles possessing nearest-neighbor interactions have been proposed as a platform for perfect transfer [1]. In theory, promising...
In standard approaches to quantum communication, a qubit is usually encoded by exploiting the polarization of single photons. This choice is mainly due to the ease of manipulation of such degree of freedom as well as the reliability of quantum optics techniques for single photon generation. Although photonic free-space quantum communication has been demonstrated for distances of hundred of kilometers...
Quantum walks (QWs) are important for quantum information science, but are becoming also interesting for other fields of research as this simple quantum diffusion model finds analogues in diverse physical systems, optical ones in particular. The experimental capabilities regarding QWs have remarkably increased along recent years and several aspects of QWs are now open to experimental research, multidimensional...
We generate high-rate single photons in a single quantum state by spontaneous Raman scattering in a trapped ion. Photon frequency, polarization and temporal shape are laser-controlled. The photons create quantum jumps in another, distant ion.
Ultra-broadband laser frequency combs operating at multi-gigahertz repetition rate are important for applications in frequency metrology, as well as time-resolved and frequency-domain spectroscopy. A compact Ti:Sapphire laser (depicted in Fig. 1(a)) is a promising candidate for implementing such a frequency comb. Recently a 10 GHz self-referenced Ti:Sapphire was shown to provide an ultra-broadband...
Frequency combs, i.e. spectra of equidistant laser lines, are enabling tools in precision spectroscopy and optical frequency metrology [1,2]. Conventionally, frequency combs are generated using mode-locked lasers, where the mode-locking of the optical comb lines implies the generation of a train of ultra-short optical pulses. Frequency combs can link optical frequencies to radio-frequencies (RF) and...
Entangled photons have appeared to be a promising way both for fundamental tests of physical principles and for quantum information applications such as Quantum Key Distribution. In particular, using entangled photons could potentially allow the realization of key distribution protocols over distances greater than a few hundreds of kilometers [1] and security certification without a priori trust in...
Entanglement is the essential feature of quantum mechanics. To make it a useful resource for scalable longdistance quantum communication the heralded generation of entanglement between distant massive quantum systems is necessary. Two distant entangled atoms form the elementary link of the quantum repeater, enabling efficient long-distance quantum communication and quantum networks.
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