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This paper reports a pilot study to explore the plausibility of using the phenomenon of phantom finger perception (PFP) in amputees to develop sensory feedback for prosthetic hand. PFP can be aroused by touching a specific part of the skin in the stump area of amputees. We hypothesized that transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) can evoke the similar PFP in amputees with electrodes placed at...
The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on the plasticity of spinal circuits and corticospinal tracts in humans. Ten healthy volunteers participated in this single-blind, sham-controlled cross-over study. Reciprocal inhibition and D1 inhibition of the soleus H-reflex (experiment 1), and motor evoked potentials (MEPs)...
Sputtered iridium oxide films (SIROFs) serve often as state of the art material when high charge injection capacities and robust coatings are desired. The main advantage above activated iridium oxide films (AIROFs) is that activation in-vivo is not needed since iridium oxide is already formed during the sputtering process. However, it is commonly accepted that SIROF coatings are in need of a hydration...
Kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) has been shown to produce a fast acting, reversible nerve block. The principal drawback to this technique is a short, but intense burst of firing at the initiation of the KHFAC which is referred to as the “onset response”. The “onset response” can be eliminated by the use of a second electrode which delivers direct current (DC) briefly during the onset...
The paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI) can compromise the independent performance of many activities of daily living. Neuroprostheses utilizing functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) are able to restore standing and stepping after SCI by actively contracting the paralyzed muscles. The stand-to-sit maneuver, however, requires good control of eccentric contractions of the knee and...
Functional electrical stimulation can be used to restore gait after incomplete spinal cord injury but needs to be coordinated with the user's retained volitional control. This paper outlines the case study of an implanted neuroprosthesis comparing an open-loop, pre-set pattern of stimulation with use of intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) recordings to trigger changes in stimulation. The user could...
This paper presents the fabrication of a silicon based three dimensional intraneural electrode array. The electrode array consists of a 3 by 4 array of needles with a 250 μm center to center distance and 50 μm separation between neighboring needles. The length of each penetrating portion of the needle is defined by the starting silicon material thickness. We present the fabrication details to build...
In this paper, we show the feasibility of remotely controlling the elbow extension through functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the triceps muscle. Particularly, we present the experimental results obtained with the new automatic control method, designed to achieve position tracking between a user and the remote manipulator device. The major advantage of the controller is its ability to compensate...
In this study, kinematic characteristics of writing are compared in 5 patients with writer's cramp who performed a set of standardized writing tasks. The kinematic characteristics include upper limb joint angles, vertical hand pressure, and finger grip force. The effect of writing on different inclined supporting surfaces is also investigated. Our results indicate that altering upper limb posture...
Regeneration and reconnection of the injured nerves are still challenging tasks despite the stunning progress in both material development and micro-surgical procedures. Ideal implant should provide complex regenerative assistance, including physical guidance for axon outgrowth; be a reservoir for factors attracting/inducing stem cells as well as the tissue-forming factors; provide a matrix for cell...
Intent recognition systems using pattern recognition technology to control powered lower-limb prostheses are promising for seamlessly changing between locomotion modes — such as transitioning from level walking to stair ascent. These transitions can be accomplished by training an algorithm to recognize the patterns of mechanical and/or myoelectric signals an amputee generates during and between different...
Treating partially or completely denervated muscle following nerve injury using electrical muscle stimulation has been met with much controversy. Previous studies have shown that chronic electrical muscle stimulation or neuromuscular activity leads to impaired reinnervation of muscle end plates. In this study we investigated the use of a moderate stimulation paradigm delivered daily over a 2 week...
Epidural spinal cord stimulation has been shown to facilitate locomotion in paralyzed rats, cats, and humans. Little is known, however, about how this mode of stimulation affects the functional properties of spinal networks. Herein, we report a technique to assess functional connectivity along the spinal axis via evoked potentials generated on the epidural surface using a custom flexible polyimide...
The unpredictability of re-occurring seizures dramatically impacts the quality of life and autonomy of people with epilepsy. Reliable early seizure detection could open new therapeutic possibilities and thus substantially improve quality of life and autonomy. Though many seizure detection studies have shown the potential of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) signals, reliable...
This study focused on functional electrical stimulation (FES) to assist production of voluntary movement for gait rehabilitation of hemiplegic subjects. Movements during walking under the low stimulation intensity FES with voluntary effort of dorsiflexion (vL-FES) condition were compared with those under conditions of no stimulation, low intensity FES only and FES. Electrical stimulation was applied...
Neuromuscular magnetic stimulation is an auspicious tool in rehabilitation. It causes low distress and allows a more homogeneous activation without the problematic current concentration at electrodes as known from electrical stimulation. However, the performance of available technology is poor. For improvements of the coil technology, important mechanistic knowledge about the activation process is...
A hybrid approach is successfully developed in this study by combining the fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering method and Convolution Kernel Compensation (CKC) method for multi-channel surface electromyogram (EMG) decomposition. The FCM is utilized to estimate the initial innervation pulse trains (IPTs) of motor units (MUs) from a few channel surface EMG signals, the CKC method is then employed to estimate...
Re-gaining the fine motor skills of hand is the ultimate goal of the rehabilitation for the stroke survivors and traumatic brain injured patients with chronic hemiparesis. The clinical outcomes with the traditional passive rehabilitation approaches are often limited and slow for impaired hand-function recovery. It is well known that actively involving the conscious efforts of patients into hand-function...
Goal of this study was to verify the usability of a novel linear parameter varying (LPV) identification technique for the identification of time-varying joint impedance. Quantification of neuromechanical parameters describing joint impedance improves understanding of human movement control and is of clinical relevance for diagnostics and treatment monitoring of patients suffering from movement disorders...
Surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings from trunk or limb muscles are often easily corrupted by electrocardiography (ECG) signals. In order to remove or reduce ECG in sEMG so as to improve the practicability, a novel signal filtering method with joint independent component analysis (ICA) and adaptive filtering (AF) is proposed in this paper. The method is validated with synthetic noisy EMG signals...
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