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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a dangerous neurological event with a very short time window for early diagnosis. Clinical diagnoses performed in a lab seek to quantify bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a biomarker for SAHs; however laboratory assays suffer from lengthy protocols, interference from hemoglobin, and the availability of expertise. Substantial improvements in the determination...
Health care providers are facing unprecedented pressures to reduce the cost of care and improve the quality and safety of care. These pressures are expected to lead to significant changes in the structure of the industry and the means used to reimburse care providers. Information technology (IT) is seen as a critical contributor to efforts to transform health care delivery. Leveraging a foundation...
We describe a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Direct Time Interval Measurement (DTIM) Integrated Circuit (IC) to detect the decay (fall) time of the luminescence emission when analyte-sensitive luminophores are excited with an optical pulse. The CMOS DTIM IC includes 14×14 phototransistor array, transimpedance amplifier, regulated gain amplifier, fall time detector, and time-to-digital...
This paper presents the design and measurement results of two avalanche photodiode structures (APDs) and a novel frequency-mixing transimpedance amplifier (TIA), which are key building blocks towards a monolithically integrated optical sensor front end for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy applications. Two different APD structures are fabricated in an unmodified 0.18 \im CMOS process, one with a shallow...
In this paper, we developed a methodology for estimating three parameters of tissue inclusion: size, depth, and Young's modulus from the tactile data obtained at the tissue surface with the tactile sensation imaging system. The estimation method consists of the forward algorithm using finite element method, and inversion algorithm using artificial neural network. The forward algorithm is designed...
There is a need for more reliable, non-invasive and alternative measurement sites for the monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation in critically ill newborns at times of peripheral compromise. The anterior fontanelle, a unique anatomical feature of the newborn, has been presented as an alternative site for the estimation of oxygen saturation. A multi-wavelength non-invasive optoelectronic sensor...
This paper describes a cell culture monitoring system for regenerative medicine. To realize this monitoring system, a new culture vessel and a removable measurement unit were proposed. The measurement unit was installed in the culture vessel and it was used to measure important cell culture parameters (e.g., temperature, CO2 level, and pH). Thus, the status of the culture could be monitored. In addition,...
Gene expression analysis of low abundance genes remains difficult when DNA microarrays are performed on standard glass substrates. However, we have shown that by using photonic crystals (PC) made on quartz substrates, the fluorescence intensity of Cyanine-5 (Cy5) labeled microarray spots is greatly enhanced. In a 1-color microarray experiment studying gene expression of soybean cotyledon tissue, an...
Sensitivity analysis is an important aspect to be looked into while designing lab-on-a-chip systems. In this paper we will be showing with appropriate design that the best sensitivity of the fluorescence biosensor is achieved for an optimal width of fluidic gap, corresponding to a particular mode spot size. We will be also showing that the sensitivity of the biosensor is affected by efficiency of...
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