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The aim of this work was to build up a new monitoring technique for the lung preservation. The medical aside problem is to measure the integrity and functionality of the lung tissue, specifically at cellular preservation level in order to improve the survival time until it is grafted. The Impedance monitoring technique for diagnosis edema development is the key in this new technique. The hypothesis...
We have developed a web-based tool to predict lung cancer patient's survival probability using previously developed survivability prediction software architecture. Four statistical models are included in this version, three for non-small cell lung cancer and one for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. To make the software tool more accessible and convenient for doctors and patients in a clinical...
The aim of the paper is to identify the key physiological variables and ventilator settings involved in ventilation management, and required for an appropriate Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Based on the results of a questionnaire designed for the purpose of the research, 70 hours of physiological and ventilation data were recorded. Recorded data were classified by clinicians into three...
A new index to assess left ventricular (LV) function in patients implanted with continuous flow left-ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is proposed. Derived from the pump flow signal, this index is defined as the coefficient (k) of the semiloga-rithmic relationship between “pseudo-ejection” fraction (pEF) and the volume discharged by the pump in diastole, (V d). pEF is defined as the ratio of the...
Nearly 25% of patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are medically inoperable. For these patients, the radial stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), planned and delivered with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques, offers the only curative option. However, IMRT-SBRT has three significant deficiencies: an elevated beam-on time (MU); a reduced...
The pulmonary function test (PFT) is a widely used test in patients or for those who are at risk of respiratory dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to develop a more convenient system, namely, the impedance pulmonary function measurement system (IPFS), for overcoming the restrictions posed by the prevalent spirometric PFT. IPFS employs tetra polar electrodes that can measure pulmonary function using...
The application of respiratory mechanics models combined with standardized ventilation maneuvers enable investigations of patients' lung mechanics at the bedside in order to optimize ventilation therapy. Therefore, the underlying dynamic effects of respiratory mechanics (viscoelasticity, inhomogeneity and recruitment) are uncovered by applying various ventilation maneuvers and subsequently captured...
Capnometer has been widely used as a respiratory monitor. Stable carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring of non-intubated patient is especially problematic due to the frequent occurrence of tube obstruction and it could be even more difficult when oxygen is being administered. Oxygen is often administered by an oxygen mask or oxygen nasal cannula; however there are some problems with these methods. For oxygen...
Precise and accurate dose delivery is critically important in external beam radiation therapy. In many cases target-volumes are stationary, but the problem arises when the tumors move significantly due to cardiac and respiratory motions. This is a case for tumors in lung, esophagus, pancreas, liver, prostate, breast, and other organs in thoracic and abdominal regions. In the article we have described...
In recent years, our group has developed a comprehensive cardiopulmonary (CP) model that comprises the heart, systemic and pulmonary circulations, lung mechanics and gas exchange, tissue metabolism, and cardiovascular and respiratory control mechanisms. In this paper, we analyze the response of the model to hypercapnic conditions and hence focus on the chemoreflex control mechanism. Particularly,...
The lung is geometrically articulated across multiple scales from the trachea to the alveoli. A major computational challenge is to tightly link ODEs that describe lower scales to 3D finite element or finite volume models of airway mechanics using iterative communication between scales. In this study, we developed a novel multiscale computational framework for bidirectionally coupling 3D CFD models...
Pulmonary crackles are used as indicators for the diagnosis of different pulmonary disorders. Crackles are very common adventitious sounds which have transient characteristic. From the characteristics of crackles such as timing and number of occurrences, the type and the severity of the pulmonary diseases can be obtained. In this study, a novel method is proposed for crackle detection. In this method,...
This paper describes the development of a novel elective course in biomaterials which integrates clinical medicine with engineering principles. In this educational approach, students are first introduced to disease pathologies and clinical needs, and then exposed to engineering technologies that can fulfill unmet needs. The course is directed toward the question, "Where are clinical needs most...
Purpose: To date, few methods have been accepted for assessing the respiratory system compliance (Crs) in patients under assisted ventilation at the bedside. The aim of this study was to evaluate our adaptive time slice method (ATSM) to continuously calculate the Crs. Methods: One breath is divided into several time periods (slices). For each slice, a compliance value Ci is calculated. The slice width...
This paper gives a short review of research on ballistocardiography in microgravity and indicates the benefits from this research for the use of BCG as a terrestrial cardiac monitoring system. In the past, 3-D methods required large devices to decouple the subject from the terrestrial environment and hence, BCG on Earth is usually limited to unidirectional recordings of the motion in the head-to-foot...
Positron emission tomography — computed tomography (PET-CT) produces co-registered anatomical (CT) and functional (PET) patient information (3D image set) from a single scanning session, and is now accepted as the best imaging technique to accurately stage the most common form of primary lung cancer — non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This paper presents a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) method...
In reading Computed Tomography (CT) scans with potentially malignant lung nodules, radiologists make use of high level information (semantic characteristics) in their analysis. Computer-Aided Diagnostic Characterization (CADc) systems can assist radiologists by offering a “second opinion” — predicting these semantic characteristics for lung nodules. In this work, we propose a way of predicting the...
A novel energy function for computing planar optical flow from X-ray CT images was presented and reported in detail in [1]. The technique combines four terms: brightness constancy, gradient constancy, continuity equation based on mass conservation, and discontinuity-preserving spatio-temporal smoothness. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the proposed method demonstrated that the method...
Abnormal nodular branching opacities at the lung periphery in Chest Computed Tomography (CT) are termed by radiology literature as tree-in-bud (TIB) opacities. These subtle opacity differences represent pulmonary disease in the small airways such as infectious or inflammatory bronchiolitis. Precisely quantifying the detection and measurement of TIB abnormality using computer assisted detection (CAD)...
We present a framework for identifying disease states by classifying cells in the pathological regions of tissues into different categories. We use conditional random fields (CRF) to incorporate characteristics of cells and their spatial distributions. The efficacy of CRF to model cell-cell feature interactions is demonstrated by using a lung tissue dataset and a synthesized cancer tissue dataset...
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