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Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurs due to disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles. This leads to rapid uncoordinated contractions of the ventricles and sudden cardiac death if not treated within minutes of its occurrence. The mechanism of VF initiation and maintenance is still elusive, however the mother rotor and multiple wavelet theories attempt to explain the mechanism behind this...
Identification of intracellular signal transduction pathways plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of how cells respond to external stimuli. The availability of high throughput microarray expression data and accumulating knowledge of protein-protein interactions have provided us with useful information to infer condition-specific signal transduction pathways. We propose a novel method...
The arrhythmogenic substrate in patients with prior myocardial infarct (MI) is located at the border zone, BZ. In this study we correlated the BZ identified by two methods: electro-anatomical voltage mapping (EAVM) and a novel MRI method, multi-contrast late enhancement (MCLE). A pre-clinical porcine model with chronic MI was used to characterize BZ via MRI and EAVM. Results focus on the comparison...
In this paper we implement the 7-point checklist, a set of dermoscopic criteria widely used by clinicians for melanoma detection, on smart handheld devices, such as the Apple iPhone and iPad. The application developed is using sophisticated image processing and pattern recognition algorithms, yet it is light enough to run on a handheld device with limited memory and computational speed. When combined...
In this paper we present a system for detecting regions of carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) in H&E stained radical prostatectomy specimens using the color fractal dimension. Color textural information is known to be a valuable characteristic to distinguish CaP from benign tissue. In addition to color information, we know that cancer tends to form contiguous regions. Our system leverages the color...
Skin lesion pigmentation area from surface, or, epi-illumination (ELM) images and blood volume area from transillumination (TLM) images are useful features to aid a dermatologist in the diagnosis of melanoma and other skin cancers in early curable stages. However, segmentation of these areas is difficult. In this work, we present an automatic segmentation tool for ELM and TLM images that also provides...
This paper discusses a method to objectively analyze the severity of cancer in images obtained from cervix. We propose a novel method to identify the transformation zone in post Lugol's iodine images and acetic acid images that are obtained from the cervix to grade the severity of cancer. We segment the Lugol's iodine image to identify the abnormal tissues and map them to acetic acid images to accurately...
We describe a novel approach for screening retinal imagery to detect evidence of abnormalities. In this paper, we focus our efforts on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a pathology that may often go undetected in the early or intermediate stages, and can lead to a neovascular form often resulting in blindness, if untreated. Our strategy for retinal anomaly detection is to employ a single class...
Balistocardiography was recorded in 3-D on a free floating astronaut in space as well as on healthy volunteers participating to a dry immersion study in a terrestrial laboratory. We demonstrate a new technique suitable for the analysis of 3-D BCG. The spatial curve of the displacement vector is analyzed instead of the three components of acceleration. The technique presented is invariant from the...
An event-related potential (ERP) speller is a brain computer interface (BCI) based on the detection on ERPs that can be used as spelling device for those people deprived of other means of communication. In the present online study we investigated in twelve participants the performance of an ERP speller based on the rapid serial visual presentation paradigm (RSVP). Three variants of the RSVP speller...
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been validated to be an important tool in the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Compared with traditional endoscope technologies, its non-invasiveness property meets with great favor of patients. However, from physician's point of view, WCE video suffers from low resolution, limited illumination, irregular movement, more importantly, imbalanced rate of...
In this study we developed a new automatic quantification method to count the number of targeted fluorescently labeled molecules of in-vitro rat brain tissue images. NG2+ glial cells were monitored in order to detect their proliferation to their same kind of cells or to another astrocyte cells using different fluorescently labeled molecules. The method is based on morphological segmentation followed...
Several algorithms have been recently proposed for the analysis of dermoscopy images and the detection of melanomas. However, the pigment network is not considered in most of these works, although this cue plays a major role in clinical diagnosis routines. This paper proposes an algorithm for the detection of the pigment network. The algorithm is based on a bank of directional filters (difference...
VirtualShave is a novel tool to remove hair from digital dermatoscopic images. First, individual hairs are identified using a top-hat filter followed by morphological postprocessing. Then, they are replaced through PDE-based inpainting with an estimate of the underlying occluded skin. VirtualShave's performance is comparable to that of a human operator removing hair manually, and the resulting images...
The creation of an automatic diabetic retinopathy screening system using retina cameras is currently receiving considerable interest in the medical imaging community. The detection of microaneurysms is a key element in this effort. In this work, we propose a new microaneurysms segmentation technique based on a novel application of the radon transform, which is able to identify these lesions without...
In this paper, results of a diabetic retinopathy screening experiment are presented which is based solely on the findings of a microaneurysm detector. For this purpose, an ensemble-based algorithm developed by our research group was used; this provided promising results in our earlier experiments. At its best, the 1200 image of the Messidor database is classified by this detector with a sensitivity...
Presence of peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy (PPA) is considered one of the risk factors for glaucoma. It can be identified as bright regions in retinal fundus images, and therefore, incorrectly included as the part of the optic disc regions in the automated disc detection scheme. For potential risk assessment and use in improving optic disc segmentation, a computerized detection of PPA was investigated...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes, which if untreated leads to blindness. DR early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes. Automated assessment of single lesions associated with DR has been investigated for sometime. To improve on classification, especially across different ethnic groups, we present an approach using points-of-interest and visual dictionary that contains important...
The human brain automatically processes information at multiple sites when recognizing various types of information at the same time, such as color, shape, etc. Cognitive conflict may occur when conflicting information is recognized at the same time. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is often used to examine the brain activity associated with this phenomenon. To examine activation of the...
The diagnosis and treatment of malaria infection requires detecting the presence of the malaria parasite in the patient as well as identification of the parasite species. We present an image processing-based approach to detect parasites in microscope images of a blood smear and an ontology-based classification of the stage of the parasite for identifying the species of infection. This approach is...
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