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Humans naturally reuse recalled knowledge to solve problems and this includes understanding the context i.e. the information that identifies or characterizes these problems. For problems in complex and dynamic environments, providing effective solutions by operators requires their understanding of the situation of the environment together with the context. Context-aware case-based reasoning (CBR)...
Situation awareness is provided through a cognitive process. To make reasonable decisions a cognitive system, which could be a human or machine, should be aware of available resources and capacity, current configuration and even some information about previous states. The paper provides a study of situation awareness mechanisms in cognitive Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), and applies Kohonen network...
In security, the most relevant criminal and terrorist activities are often of high complexity: they involve several entities interacting sequentially and simultaneously over an extended time interval. In this paper, we present a powerful approach for complex activity recognition and analysis using graph representation and matching. It is based on the representation of activities in terms of objects,...
An essential part in the construction of a mental picture of a situation is our ability to represent, assess and judge on the skill and competency level of a player, an agent, or any entity that makes decisions. Augmented with a suitable reasoning framework, this ability would allow us to diagnose the competency level of a player through real-time monitoring of their actions. The first key question...
This paper describes the architecture and requirements of an integrated system that is needed to support command and control for the interoperability-capability focus area. The architecture is designed to enhance situational awareness during emergencies such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, wild fires, floods, tsunamis, mud slides, storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, extreme heat, extreme cold, massive...
Situation awareness (SA) is a prerequisite to timely and accurate decision-making in the fast and highly stressful context of infantry operational environments. The introduction of electronic support technologies onto the battlefield is expected to improve SA by providing the right information, at the right time, and in the right format. In the cur rent paper, we report a systematic and innovative...
Modern technology offers the possibility to construct networked monitoring systems from autonomous computing nodes equipped with appropriate sensors. Complementing such a system with actuators yields a cyber-physical system that must be able to cope with uncertainties arising from feedback loops via the physical world. The common property of such systems lies in the high degree of uncertainty in the...
A layered sensing system involves different layers of sensors with different capabilities in one integrated system. This research focuses on the development of a model for information fusion level of a layered sensing system using computing with words. In this research effort, we have proposed the addition of a new processing level to the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Fusion Model. The new...
For this paper, we examine the challenges to the formalization of agent SA in the context of human (or traditional) SA and the value added by agent SA. We hypothesize about how an agent can generate and maintain Level 2 and Level 3 SA and how that should be represented internally for the agent. Additionally, we consider the relationship between the human operator and agent to theorize how agent SA...
Humans make decisions on the basis of their situation awareness and it is well-known that insufficient situation awareness leads to incorrect decisions. The challenge of an advanced surveillance system for supporting situation awareness of a human decision maker is therefore to detect and assess complex situations that evolve over time. In this article, we present a conceptual framework for automatic...
In the last decade, the design of smart tools applied to the automotive sector is becoming more and more required to support driving tasks and to increase drivers' safety. In this work, a system for the joint analysis of the on board/off board vehicle context is proposed to derive considerations on the driver's behavior and to detect possible dangerous situations. In particular, a cognitive model...
Classical models of Situation Awareness (SA) describe it as a process involving self-agency, or as rooted in [externally directed] consciousness operating in a perceptual cycle. These models are robust for dynamic situations where events unfold gradually in the temporal dimension at a rate that is compatible with the ability of the human agent to process information, and where this information processing...
The prevalence of surveillance and information collection technologies provides decision-makers with greater volume and complexity of information to monitor and on which to base decisions than ever before. In this ever increasing dynamic and information rich environment, the role for decision support systems (DSS) to augment cognition and situation awareness (SA) is becoming crucial. However, unless...
We investigated the effects of a decision aid designed to support the development of effective long term strategies when seeking to influence a complex adaptive system. The experiment compared a test condition with feedforward support (i.e., outcome projection) against a baseline condition both in terms of cognitive processing and goal attainment (i.e., strategy efficiency). Results show that the...
We discuss cognitive topics related to an Intelligence Analyst's Geospatial and Ontological Assistant (IAGOA) under development that associates an analyst's understanding of an agent's activities with the geospatial features of the area where they take place. IAGOA uses linguistic resources from the lexical database FrameNet, based on Fillmore's frame semantics (not related to Minsky's frames), and...
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