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The first material of silicon dioxide (SiO2) had been proposed as a chemical transducer element of pH sensitive membrane around the early of 1970s. In 1981 Matsuo et al. proposed Ta2O5 as pH sensing membrane. Start from that moment, many materials have been wildly investigated, e.g. Al2O3, SnO2, WO3. The rare -earth oxide, Samarium oxide (Sm2O3), is an attractive material to substitute the previous...
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