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We are testing degradation rates of calcium sulfate/polymer composites meant for use as bone graft substitutes. The goal is to demonstrate the potential of composite degradable and biocompatible materials that will resorb slower than pure calcium sulfate. We will determine which composites give us degradation profiles that are appropriate for different types of bone regeneration.
Epithelial-stromal interactions play a crucial role in normal embryonic development and carcinogenesis of the human breast while the underlying mechanisms of these events remain poorly understood. Here, we constructed a physiologically relevant, 3D culture surrogate of complex human breast tissue that included a tri-culture system made up of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A), fibroblasts and...
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold promise either as an in vitro model recapitulating early embryonic development or as a renewable source of therapeutically useful cells. However, 2D culture system, which is still generally utilized in ESCs differentiation strategies, has greatly impeded our learning more information about ESCs proliferation/differentiation in situ. Here, a high aspect ratio vessel...
Tissue engineering within three-dimensional scaffolds represents a developing field with the potential to create in vitro livers. Human liver cells, HepG2, respond to cues in their immediate microenvironment by modulating cell functions including cell proliferation, urea synthesis and drug metabolism. The importance of three-dimensional environments draws from the fact that it has been extensively...
Plasma, mostly water and solutes, advects low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) across the arterial endothelium. Subendothelial LDL deposition triggers pre-artherogenic lesion formation. This water flux is believed to occur paracellularly. We investigate the potential significance of the transcelluar pathway through the ubiquitous aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel protein to total transmural water flow. AQP1...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the brain for treatment of CNS disorders. To search for more convenient models in studying the transport across the BBB, we compared four in vitro models: endothelial monoculture (bEnd3 cell line), coculture of bEnd3 and astrocytes (coculture), coculture with collagen type I and IV mixture, and coculture with Matrigel. We also...
The pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provides the unique opportunity to derive tissue specific cells, an ability of particular interest in regenerative medicine. In the study of bone regeneration, there is interest in directing hESCs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which under the appropriate conditions gives rise to mineral-producing osteoblasts. To evaluate the efficiency of...
Rotator cuff tears often occur at the tendon-bone insertion site, a fibrocartilaginous interface that is not regenerated during current repairs. Our aim is to regenerate the insertion site through use of extracellular matrix based scaffolds. In this study, we evaluated the response of mineralized and non-mineralized nanofiber scaffolds to cell culture environment without the influence of cell growth...
Poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have long been investigated as replacement materials for articular cartilage, but their lack of bioactivity has impeded their utility. We have prepared bioactive PVA hydrogels by incorporating a degradable phase of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) that enhances porosity and controls the release of growth factors. Hydrogel properties such as porosity, pore size,...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects thousands of Americans each year. The injury results in local cell loss in the spinal cord, interrupting the connections between brain and periphery. Current treatment options for SCI are limited due to the inability of adult neurons to regenerate in the inhibitory environment of the injured central nervous system (CNS). The primary goal of this work is to design a...
To evaluate scaffolds used for bone repair, composed of HA/??-TCP, in vitro and in vivo. Chemical and mechanical characterization was performed on the bulk material while the in vivo portion was utilized to study host response to the scaffold.
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