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A variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been promising in various tissue engineering applications, such as the porcine small intestinal submucosa. Yet no particular scaffolds have been optimal for vocal fold regeneration. The decellularized human umbilical vein (HUV) is a novel allogeneic scaffold that has shown some promise for cardiovascular tissue engineering. This study examines...
Our objective is to develop a highly miniaturized, solid-phase platform for assaying the function and inhibition of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). To functionalize materials with active membrane proteins, the challenge is to build stabilized, supported biomembranes in which the substrate to biomembrane spacing can be controlled to accommodate larger membrane protein. The silica microsphere (5...
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries that require surgery. High failure rates of biological graft-based repairs underscore the need for functional alternatives. In this study, effects of nanofiber organization on adhesion of cuff fibroblasts (hRCF) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are evaluated. It is hypothesized that fiber alignment will regulate cell morphology...
SDF-1α has been implicated in the post-traumatic neuroinflammatory cascade. We quantified the effect of SDF-1α on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis can be manipulated so that the proliferative capacity of this chemokine can be separated and controlled. We have successfully modulated the proliferative activity of SDF-1α by preventing its binding...
This paper reports a new method to induce osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Singly dissociated hESCs treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 were plated on type I fibrillar collagen (FC) coatings and achieved a high rate of survival. After culturing in osteogenic medium for 10 d, several cell colonies developed on the coatings. Cells forming the colonies showed homogenous,...
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold promise either as an in vitro model recapitulating early embryonic development or as a renewable source of therapeutically useful cells. However, 2D culture system, which is still generally utilized in ESCs differentiation strategies, has greatly impeded our learning more information about ESCs proliferation/differentiation in situ. Here, a high aspect ratio vessel...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to increase the adhesion of human breast cancer cells to human brain endothelium [1]. However, how VEGF accomplishes this is not well understood. We hypothesize that VEGF compromises the integrity of brain microvascular endothelium is one mechanism to increase the tumor cell adhesion. To test our hypothesis, using a Transwell system, we measured...
It is critical to fabricate ideal scaffolds for tissue engineered vascular graft. Nanofibers composted with collagen, elastin and polycaprolactone (PCL) were prepared by electrospinning. The obtained composite fibers had an average diameter around 300-500 nm. Mouse smooth muscles cells and endothelial cells cultured on these composite fibrous meshes showed enhanced cell attachment and accelerated...
The objective of this study was to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) chitosan nanofiber scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and explore its potential for cardiac tissue engineering. Three culture conditions were tested: cardiomyocytes only, cardiomyocytes-fibroblasts cocultures, and cardiomyocyte-endothelial cells cocultures. The cells were seeded on 2-dimensional (2D) chitosan films and 3D chitosan...
Three-dimensional (3D) nervous tissue constructs were developed using a compliant gel matrix and a fiber component for promoting contact-guided axon outgrowth. Rat embryonic (E15) dorsal root ganglion expiants (DRGs) were cultured on biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and wet-spun type I collagen fibers embedded in soft collagen gels. Gel constructs containing fibers induced greater axon outgrowth...
The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) mediates flow-induced nitric oxide release via heparan sulfate (HS), but the GCX structure is unclear and the specific HS core protein(s) involved in this mechanotransduction is unknown. Our study tests the hypotheses that flow regulates GCX thickness and organization and that the HS glypican-1 core protein mediates flow-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide...
In this study, we demonstrate the formation of 3D cell-adhesive hydrogels exhibiting well-defined spatial variation in stiffness using our previously developed microfluidics-based lithography technique. PEG monoacrylate-linked bovine fibrinogen (PEG-fibrinogen) is photopolymerized into specific, user-defined shapes inside a microchannel, and successive cycles of fabrication result in a heterogeneous...
Cell adhesion to surfaces has applications in biomaterials science, surface chemistry, and micropatterning technologies. Control of this process is currently achieved using a limited set of molecules, including fibronectin and its derived peptide RGD. Here, we use recombinant strategies to create multivalent, monodisperse polypeptides containing up to 80 repeats of RGD. By varying the number of repeats,...
Vascularization for adequate supplies of oxygen and nutrients is one of the challenges in tissue engineering. We report the three-dimensional cell printing technology to construct vascular structure in hydrogel scaffold which consist of endothelial cells and collagen scaffold. We constructed multi-layered, inter-connected channels within collagen hydrogel through layer-by-layer approach. Collagen...
Natural materials exhibit anisotropy with variations in soluble factors, cell distribution, and matrix properties. The ability to recreate the heterogeneity of the natural materials is a major challenge for investigating cell-material interactions and for developing biomimetic materials. Here we present a generic fluidic approach using convection and alternating flow to rapidly generate multi-centimeter...
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