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To support research in wireless mobile ad hoc networks, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have worked jointly to establish an advanced emulation environment. A key component is a mobile ad-hoc network emulation testbed where algorithms and applications can be subjected to representative wireless network conditions. The testbed is based on a version of the...
The FlexNet-Waveform (FN-WF) is a new, highly-configurable MANET waveform for the international ground-based SDR arena, designed for the new FlexNet-One and FlexNet-Four hardware platforms. To ensure maximum compatibility and interoperability, the FN-WF assumes an IP-based platform with standard COTS protocols on the wired, Ethernet connections, while the wireless links utilize the best practices...
To support highly flexible network mobility in mobile communication systems, various types of movable network entities, especially mobile base stations (M-BSs), will appear in near future. In this environment, a scanning process to identify the availability of neighbor M-BSs for handoff should be newly designed, because a conventional method does not reflect the motion of base stations. Therefore,...
In this paper, we propose orthogonal frequency division duplex (OFDD) which combines orthogonal division duplex (ODD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) as a new hybrid division duplex scheme. In the asymmetric traffic environment, the mismatch of uplink and downlink between adjacent cells results in co-channel interference (CCI) which degrades the system performance. The proposed scheme can remove...
We introduce a new interference management technique for wireless cellular networks when the base station (BS) has K antennas and there are M mobile stations (MS), each with a single antenna. Our interference management scheme takes advantage of multiuser diversity to transmit K independent data streams to K out of M mobile stations. The new approach achieves the dirty paper coding (DPC) capacity...
This paper describes a field demonstration and presents the network performance of an 802.11 ground-UAV network composed of 11 ground stations, a mobile vehicle and two fixed wing UAVs, connected by two routing gateways to a legacy wired network. The network effects demonstrated include mobility, network partitions and merges, and gateway failovers. The paper presents experimental results for recorded...
This paper presents a novel approach towards cooperation between conglomerates of sensors for compiling an enhanced operational picture. It uses the benefits of distributed processing via multi-agent systems for intelligent scheduling of multi-functional radars and their flexible interconnection via mobile ad-hoc networking technology. These dynamically reconfigurable networks facilitate the cooperation...
Non-uniform distributions of mobile nodes are the norm for a mobile network. Often, there can be concentration areas or grouping of nodes. Early work has explored these features to help message disseminations. However, a mobile network application can generate complex mixing mobility patterns that render these work less effective and efficient. In addition, many applications run with in a sparse mode,...
Inter-domain routing for MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) draws increasing attention because of military and vehicular applications. The existing border gateway protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet. But BGP is not applicable to MANETs because the BGP design is based on a static Internet which does not support dynamic discovery of members, and cannot scale to...
In this paper we address the problem of supporting communication in partially connected military tactical radio networks. In such networks traditional multi-hop forwarding techniques cannot guarantee end-to-end communication. Alternative techniques must therefore be designed to compensate for connectivity disruption. We propose a communication model that relies on opportunistic disruption-tolerant...
As the increasing amount of data is collected in mobile wireless networks for emerging pervasive applications, data-centric storage provides energy-efficient data dissemination and organization. One of the approaches in data-centric storage is that the nodes that collected data will transfer their data to other neighboring nodes that store the similar type of data. However, when the nodes are mobile,...
In spite of its proven advantage, realization of affordable multi-functional phased-arrays, combining multiple communication apertures, is hindered by size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) and cost issues. Incremental improvements in both transmit and receive analog RF chains are being pursued. However, it is difficult to expect revolutionary advances in phased array SWaP using architectures...
Technology advancement has allowed submarines to evade standard sonar detection. A viable alternative is to place magnetic or acoustic sensors in close proximity to possible underwater pathways of submarines. This approach may require deploying large-scale underwater sensor networks to form 3-dimensional barriers. We devise an energy-conserving scheme to construct 3-dimensional barriers using mobile...
Hierarchical key management schemes would serve well for military applications where the organization of the network is already hierarchical in nature. Most of the existing key management schemes concentrate only on network structures and key allocation algorithms, ignoring attributes of the nodes themselves. Due to the distributed and dynamic nature of MANETs, it is possible to show that there is...
Leveraging the Defense Information Systems Agency's (DISA) experience on the Tactical Services Provider (TSP) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD), this paper analyzes the security weaknesses and vulnerabilities of mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in the TSP architecture and explains DISA's approach to deploying an integrated, multi-layer Information Assurance...
The characteristics of a Mobile Tactical Network (MTN) operating in the VHF/UHF military radio band are investigated by applying an analytical model, radio measurement data and tactical mobility scenarios. The network node degree, connectivity, distribution of hop count, etc. are studied. Based on the identified properties, major networking schemes are evaluated for their applicability. Exploiting...
How pointing error requirements are levied on the small mobile terminals that are currently being deployed by the Army in the Ku-band and Ka-band will have a profound effect on the complexity and cost of these terminals. This paper explores what kind of pointing error requirements should be applied to small mobile terminals in order to protect adjacent satellite systems but still permit designers...
Mobile satellite communications are affected by signal distortions that are negligible in traditional, fixed SATCOM applications. These distortions include delay and Doppler spread multipath that exhibit significant variations over a relatively short period. Accurate modeling and emulation of the fast fading multipath requires substantially different techniques than the slow fading models traditionally...
Geocasting is a mechanism to disseminate data messages within a certain geographical region. Since packet forwarding is based on the location information of nodes, it is known to reduce the path maintenance cost significantly. The geocasting can be suitable for several applications in tactical ad hoc networks, such as an event to alarm enemy's missile attack, guerilla appearance, or local weathercast...
In a large mission critical wireless ad hoc network, heterogeneous nodes with different capabilities and nodes from different organizations may be deployed within the same geographical area. This is typical for many mission critical applications such as military networks. For such applications, on one hand, a node from one organization may collaborate with the nodes from a different organization for...
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