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Reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases is one of the key goals of European Comisions's (EC) plan about energy and climate change. Methods chosen for allocation of free carbon permits show that increase of electricity prices is an intended and expected effect in order to provide a signal to consumers, to save energy and consequently to reduce the emissions of CO2, and to generators, to promote...
In this paper a Catallaxy-based market mechanism is proposed for power balancing algorithms. Here, all market participants are self-organizing and coordinate themselves without any central control. This approach is highly flexible allowing for different types of negotiations on different time scales. For application in power systems we present a two-tier approach, where energy brokers assemble complex...
Afterwards the energy market liberalization in European countries, the issue of optimal allocation of cross border interchanges has gained a notable importance. The most widely accepted method for the congestion management among several interconnected countries is the ldquodecentralized market couplingrdquo (DCM), which was successfully implemented by the power exchangers of France, Belgium and the...
This paper aims at understanding and assessing the main methods proposed by ETSO and EuroPEX to define and allocate interconnection capacities in Europe. We model these methods and evaluate their technical and economic efficiency on a 7-node network. We find first, that, unsurprisingly, the allocation methods are all the more efficient as the Kirchhoff laws are integrated more precisely in the market...
In this paper is presented a Game Theory based methodology to allocate transmission costs, considering cooperation and competition between producers. As original contribution, it finds the degree of participation on the additional costs according to the demand behavior. A comparative study was carried out between the obtained results using Nucleolus balance and Shapley Value, with other techniques...
Distributed generation as attached to market liberalization requires pricing schemes able to deliver the appropriate incentives to market participants. In particular, users should be made responsible for their reactive power. A penalty system fails in that account. One of the major challenges in setting up an appropriate pricing of reactive power consists in identifying its attached costs. Although...
Cross-border transmission rights have to be firm after its nomination has been done. The real-time congestion should have no influence on previously allocated PTRs, and network problems should be relieved with the combination of the different measures which are the most efficient and cost less. The flow-based coordinated auction, which introduces techno-economic criteria for selection of requests...
With the implementation of the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), European environmental law has become experimental ground. A new instrument has been introduced to regulate the emission of greenhouse gases. Tradable permits, a market-based instrument and favoured by economists, has replaced the traditional regulatory instruments. Economic theory suggests that the potential of the EU ETS...
European utilities in the recent times is going through a phase marked by notable changes. The market is opening up for competition; utilities are unbundling leading to the separation of wholesale retail and distribution sectors. Environmental and climate change requirements have gained significant importance and has considerable impact on the way utilities will be run and operated. The Kyoto Protocol...
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