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The electronics industry is a dynamic sector in which the manufacturing process undergoes continual innovation. With the lifecycle of some products measured in months rather than years, new equipment, chemicals and processes are being introduced to the manufacturing and development fabricators on an ongoing basis, as are new product designs, which are themselves platforms for changing software and...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate great promise in a variety of applications such as structural polymers, super capacitors, batteries, sensors, and shielding. This is due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Despite the desirable qualities commercially and in industry, little information exists on the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) effects of CNTs. Given the EHS...
Due to their unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest for use in a number of applications such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and conductive wiring. However, the energy required to synthesize and purify SWCNTs in the manufacturing phase must be considered in order to fully realize the benefits in the use...
This study aims to investigate the new strategy implement by charactering current urban industrial metabolism and identify the impacts of the mentioned strategy after 4-year implement, as well as give some policy suggestion. Suzhou city, as a major manufacturing center with per capital GDP over 10000 USD was chosen as our case, there were 2 National Circular Economy Pilot Units (Industrial parks)...
This work uses hybrid life cycle assessment methods to determine the overall energy use of a commercial LED lamp. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data is built up using industry data for a GaN-based white LED lamp designed to replace conventional incandescent bulbs. Appropriate data are also taken from generic processes in the semiconductor manufacturing sector. By considering the entire life cycle of...
The energy consumed to produce and purify a kilogram of laser vaporization SWCNTs at the laboratory scale was found to be 0.13-0.19 GWh/kg under standard production conditions, with 0.114 GWh/kg coming from electrical energy. Most of the energy consumption results from thermal and resistive losses of the laser and single zone furnace in use. The time and temperature of final oxidation of the material...
Biobased fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to national security and environmental concerns. To ensure resilience and sustainability of the nation's agricultural and fuel sectors, it is essential to evaluate the effect of recent and foreseeable environmental effects from agricultural cultivation. This study examines the environmental impacts of fertilizers...
This paper uses economic value metrics to evaluate the retention of value of secondary materials and provides a framework for characterizing value throughout a material and product life-cycle. These economic value metrics are compared with analogous life cycle assessment metrics in order to determine the conditions under which economic value effectively represents environmental impact for EoL material...
Increased recycling, product redesign and substitution can improve firm resilience in the face of uncertainties in materials availability. The delays involved in implementing these strategies may result in unprepared firms losing market share to competitors who are better prepared to address these challenges. This paper will expand from previous work in this area by examining the statistical significance...
Introduction of the principles of sustainable development into the canons of engineering professional societies has presented several serious challenges to science and engineering educators. There are few pedagogical guideposts for current educators teaching sustainability as an ethical concept. Moreover, traditional approaches to ethics education in science and engineering courses is unlikely to...
Environmental policy making, green product rating, and marketing activities seem likely to drive the utilization of eco-assessments in the near future. In this paper we show from the example of EuP Preparatory Studies and other policy supporting studies some characteristics of ICT eco-assessments on different economical levels. We argue that the high diversity of individual cases coupled with technology...
Several recent events in the U.S. have highlighted the criticality and vulnerability of infrastructure systems to sudden shocks such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and food shortages. Proper understanding of such disruptive scenarios and their impact using holistic and integrated systems modeling techniques is crucial for effective resource allocation and disaster management. An input-output...
Materials selection decisions exhibit great influence on the environmental performance of firms through their impact on processing technology, product form, and supply chain configuration. Consequently, materials dictate a product's environmental profile via the burden associated with extraction and refining, transformation from material to product, product performance characteristics during use,...
Existing Life Cycle Assessment does not take into account the relative temporal differences in inventory data. The lack of such considerations could lead to an inaccurate analysis of impacts and to incorrect conclusions in the comparative studies of products with comparable inventories but different life cycle times. In this paper, we report on our research of the investigation of the embedded temporal...
Renewable energy systems such as wind, solar and biomass are significantly more land intensive than traditional fossil fuels. Moreover, their environmental implications are highly geographically heterogeneous. Consequently, they present a significant challenge to existing life cycle assessment techniques. Four specific issues are identified in this paper: determining changes in land use due to increased...
The generation and distribution of electric power is enormously important in both economic and environmental terms. However, despite the obvious importance of electricity for life cycle assessment and policy analysis, accounting for the environmental emissions associated with electricity remains an uncertain task. In this analysis we examine the different methods available for electricity greenhouse...
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