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The electronics industry is a dynamic sector in which the manufacturing process undergoes continual innovation. With the lifecycle of some products measured in months rather than years, new equipment, chemicals and processes are being introduced to the manufacturing and development fabricators on an ongoing basis, as are new product designs, which are themselves platforms for changing software and...
Along with the rapidly increasing number of personal computers, the energy consumption associated with a computer has attracted increasing attention. However, different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of computers report qualitatively different results. This analysis estimates the energy needed to manufacture a laptop computer using hybrid LCA. Reasons for focusing specifically on laptop computers...
International trade is recognized as a mechanism to optimally allocate resources including capital, labor, and materials at the global scale. Recently there has been increasing interest in the embodied environmental impacts of international trade, especially in emissions embodied in trade. Focusing on the environmental side, it is standard to ignore the environmental overhead of the labor (EOL), environmental...
Due to their unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest for use in a number of applications such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and conductive wiring. However, the energy required to synthesize and purify SWCNTs in the manufacturing phase must be considered in order to fully realize the benefits in the use...
Buildings account for 30-40% of the world's energy use. In the United States, buildings annually use 70% of the nation's electricity and emit about 40% of the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Innovative building products are emerging that have the potential to reduce environmental impacts and contribute towards sustainable development. Insulating concrete forms (ICF) is an innovative building...
This study aims to investigate the new strategy implement by charactering current urban industrial metabolism and identify the impacts of the mentioned strategy after 4-year implement, as well as give some policy suggestion. Suzhou city, as a major manufacturing center with per capital GDP over 10000 USD was chosen as our case, there were 2 National Circular Economy Pilot Units (Industrial parks)...
This work uses hybrid life cycle assessment methods to determine the overall energy use of a commercial LED lamp. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data is built up using industry data for a GaN-based white LED lamp designed to replace conventional incandescent bulbs. Appropriate data are also taken from generic processes in the semiconductor manufacturing sector. By considering the entire life cycle of...
The undergraduate program in the Materials Science and Engineering department at the University of Florida requires its junior students to take the course ldquoAnalysis of the Structure of Materialsrdquo. This course provides students the opportunity to disassemble an engineered product, characterize and analyze the structure of its components, and correlate the structures with properties and processing...
Sustainable building materials offer energy efficiency and environmental performance. One possible sustainable building product is insulating concrete forms (ICF). An ICF wall section consists of expanded polystyrene and concrete with polyethylene ties. One difference between a ldquonormalrdquo construction and ICF construction is that the forms stay in place after concrete has cured. The forms and...
Extensive interviews with electronic product recyclers and refurbishers identified numerous ways that the design of electronic products could be improved to enhance the performance of EoL systems in financial and resource conservation terms. Some design changes can be applied by manufacturers to today's products, some require collaborative industry initiatives, and some are transformative of the ICT...
The high tech electronic industries have played a vital role in driving the world economy. In Taiwan, many high-tech parks have been established by either the government or high-tech manufacturers to promote national economic development. However, the manufacturing of high-tech products release hundreds of chemicals and generate thousands of tons of wastewater per day. As the electronic production...
Understanding the total life cycle CO2 impacts of different types of products and operations has been a subject of significant interest recently. Total life cycle impacts include not just the CO2 generated from the manufacture of a product, but also from the product's use and from the manufacture of all the inputs that go into creating the product. In theory, understanding this total impact can help...
Previous studies on environmental impacts embodied in trade have paid little attention on the impacts of labor, or environmental overhead of labor (EOL). In particular, EOL can occur in both the household consumption of fuels and electricity by workers and in the delivery of products and services consumed by workers. This research defines EOL and quantifies energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) EOL embodied...
Corporations and institutions, including the electronics manufacturing and computer services sectors have become concerned with their impacts on climate change and are participating in carbon footprint assessment and climate management discussions. Existing carbon footprint protocols classify carbon footprint into tiered ldquoScopesrdquo: direct emissions as ldquoScope 1rdquo, emissions from direct...
Existing Life Cycle Assessment does not take into account the relative temporal differences in inventory data. The lack of such considerations could lead to an inaccurate analysis of impacts and to incorrect conclusions in the comparative studies of products with comparable inventories but different life cycle times. In this paper, we report on our research of the investigation of the embedded temporal...
A schematic method to characterize the human health impact of toxic chemicals is presented. This schematic method uses a streamlined three-tiered hierarchy process which includes intake, toxicity and persistence of a chemical release for its impact characterization. The human health impact of a chemical is represented by its position in a two-dimensional characterization plot, which enables the benchmarking...
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