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Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is an advanced signal processing methodology for the Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode of airborne and space borne surveillance radar systems. It is used to mitigate motion-induced spread-Doppler clutter that interferes with the echo from ground targets. The course will develop and clearly illustrate the GMTI problem from first principles, showing the...
This paper illustrates a new algorithm for noncoherent integration and ambiguity resolution in medium PRF wave-forms. Range and Doppler ambiguity resolution is one of the main issues in Medium PRF radars [1,2,3]; it will be shown that the proposed algorithm provides range and Doppler ambiguities resolution as an inherent feature while maximizing detection probability with respect to conventional binary...
Australia has been developing and fielding phased array applications since the early 1950s. The application areas range from radio astronomy and atmospheric sciences, through over-the-horizon radar, surface wave, microwave ship and airborne systems. Given Australia's unique geographical size, position, single continent and national identity, it is not surprising that much of this effort has been focussed...
Defence Research and Development Canada - Ottawa has developed an experimental airborne radar referred to as the X-band Wideband Experimental Airborne Radar (XWEAR). The radar was designed to support research into SAR imaging of fixed and moving targets (ocean and land), time-frequency analysis of moving targets, clutter suppression for GMTI radar, and ocean surveillance for small and large target...
It is commonplace to use an unweighted transmit aperture and a weighted receive aperture in radars utilising active electronically steered array (AESA) antennas. The preferred receive weightings are usually Gaussian or Taylor as these are perceived to give the best compromise between loss of main-beam directivity, minimised main-beam dilation and excellent sidelobe control. However, this is only part...
A 3D Hough transform is introduced for detection of linear trajectories in a 3D data space. Data space is constructed from returned radar data using range, bearing, and time information. This information is then mapped into a 3D Cartesian data space. The constant velocity target trajectories appear as straight lines in this space, and are detected by the usage of 3D Hough transform. The efficacy of...
HF radar signals rely on the ionosphere to achieve over-the-horizon surveillance, but this is obtained at the expense of subjecting the signals to a diverse range of scattering and modulation phenomena. Many of these effects are associated with multiple scattering, both in the ionosphere and near the earthpsilas surface. This paper reviews a variety of multiple scattering phenomena and shows how an...
This paper presents the achievements of the flight campaign of the SOSTAR-X (stand-off surveillance and target acquisition radar) program relevant to the ground moving target indicator (GMTI) modes designed for wide area surveillance and fast sector scan. The SOSTAR-X is the European technologic demonstrator for an advanced AESA (Active Electronically Steered Antenna) airborne radar sensor. This program...
This paper concerns the joint multi-frame sequential target detection and track estimation in early-warning radar surveillance systems. The rationale for applying sequential procedures in such a scenario is that they promise a sensitivity increase of the sensor or, alternatively, a reduction in the time needed to take a decision. Unlike previous works on sequential radar detection, the attention is...
New generation of HF skywave radars moves toward 2D array solution to get high signal to noise ratio (SNR), low probability of intercept (LPI), precise electronic scanning, faster scanning time. Critical elements for the design of such a system are radar configuration, antenna design, transmission waveforms and architecture, signal processing, radar management and control system. The goal of this...
In this paper we propose a new automatic target recognition algorithm to recognize and distinguish of three classes of targets: personnel, wheeled vehicles and animals, using a low-resolution ground surveillance pulse Doppler radar. Using the chirplet transformation, a time-frequency signal processing technique, the parameterized radar signal is then used by the Zernike moments (ZM) for the pertinent...
A new method based on Hough transform is introduced for detection of linear trajectories in a 3-D data space. Data space is constructed from returned radar data using range, bearing, and time information. This information is then mapped into a 3-D Cartesian data space. The near constant velocity target trajectories appear as straight lines in this space, and are detected by the usage of the new method...
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems from an airborne platform are in principle based on very simple concepts. The latter combines radar pulses over a short interval to extract Doppler information in order to detect ground moving targets against a clutter background. The former combines pulses over much longer intervals in a coherent manner to achieve very...
In the past decade many countries have launched programs to deploy wind turbines as alternative sources of electrical energy. When deployed in wind farms this technology has raised concerns from both air traffic control (ATC) and military authorities. This is due to the fact that the turbine blades return radar echoes that have the potential to distract and confuse the air traffic picture by creating...
The paper describes the results achieved at the INFOCOM Department of the University of Rome ldquoLa Sapienzardquo on passive bistatic radar (PBR). The developed adaptive signal processing techniques are introduced for: improved disturbance cancellation, multipath removal, and multifrequency target detection. The development of experimental wide-band PBR prototypes is described, as opposed to single...
Strong interest in radar absorbing materials (RAMs) took place with years due to their extensive sectors of application. RAMs are coatings whose electric and magnetic properties allow the absorption of microwave energy over certain frequencies. In particular, RAMs are very effective means of Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction in the context of stealth technology. RCS reduction requires absorbers...
Earth observation from space devoted to civilian users are typically characterized by a variety of needs spanning from the mapping of very large areas of mid resolution up to higher resolution images (metric or even sub-metric) taken on narrower scenes. These needs are even more stringent when considering the defense use of the space observation, which typically require: 1) very high flexibility in...
In this paper we describe a new tool being currently developed by Eurocontrol for air traffic control multiradar-multisensor data processing systems assessment. This tool, called TRES (trajectory reconstruction and evaluation suite), will become in a near future a replacement for some parts of current versions of SASS-C (Surveillance Analysis Support System for Centres) suite. The paper describes...
Multiscan data association can significantly enhance tracking performance in critical radar surveillance scenarios involving multiple targets, low detection probability, high false alarm probability, evasive target maneuvers and finite radar resolution. Unfortunately, however, this approach is affected by the curse of dimensionality which hinders its real-time application for tracking problems with...
This paper presents an experience gathered on near field and far field measurements in SITU, for the failure detection and troubleshooting of phased array antennas implemented in in-service air surveillance radars (the issue being to ensure the stability of the antenna performances of the associated radars elected for a longer and longer life). Although far field and near field measurements techniques...
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